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Imogene King (January 30, 1923 – December 24, 2007) was a pioneer of nursing theory development. Her interacting systems theory of nursing and her theory of goal attainment have been included in every major nursing theory text. These theories are taught to thousands of nursing students, form the basis of nursing education programs, and are ...
An open system is also known as a flow system. The concept of an open system was formalized within a framework that enabled one to interrelate the theory of the organism, thermodynamics, and evolutionary theory. [1] This concept was expanded upon with the advent of information theory and subsequently systems theory. Today the concept has its ...
Merrelyn Emery (27 April 1940) is an Australian social scientist and adjunct professor at Department of Applied Human Sciences, Concordia University, and has a first class honours degree from University of New England (Australia) and a PhD from University of New South Wales.
The open systems theory is the foundation of black box theory. Both have focus on input and output flows, representing exchanges with the surroundings. In systems theory, the black box is an abstraction representing a class of concrete open system which can be viewed solely in terms of its stimuli inputs and output reactions:
Equifinality is the principle that in open systems a given end state can be reached by many potential means. The term and concept is due to the German Hans Driesch, the developmental biologist, later applied by the Austrian Ludwig von Bertalanffy, the founder of general systems theory, and by William T. Powers, the founder of perceptual control theory.
Open system (systems theory), in the natural and social sciences, a process that exchanges material, energy, people, capital or information with its environment Open system (thermodynamics) , in thermodynamics and physics, a system where matter and energy can enter or leave, in contrast to a closed system where energy can enter or leave but ...
Socio-technical systems are part of a comprehensive theoretical framework called Open Systems Theory (OST). Two of Emery's and Trist's key publications were: "The Causal Texture of Organisational Environments" (1965) [9] and "Towards a Social Ecology" (1972). These publications are the groundwork on which Fred Emery developed OST. [10]
Edward Brian Davies FRS (born 13 June 1944) is a former professor of Mathematics, King's College London (1981–2010), and is the author of the popular science book Science in the Looking Glass: What do Scientists Really Know. [2] In 2010, he was awarded a Gauss Lecture by the German Mathematical Society. [3]