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Brachycephaly (derived from the Ancient Greek βραχύς, 'short' and κεφαλή, 'head') is the shape of a skull shorter than average in its species. It is perceived as a cosmetically desirable trait in some domesticated dog and cat breeds , notably the pug and Persian , and can be normal or abnormal in other animal species.
The English bulldog, a typically brachycephalic dog breed, may have brachycephalic syndrome. A Peke-face Exotic shorthair.. Brachycephalic obstructive airway syndrome (BOAS), also known as brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome (BAOS), brachycephalic airway syndrome (BAS), and brachycephalic syndrome (BS), [1] is a pathological condition affecting short nosed dogs and cats which can lead ...
Cephalic index viewed from above the head. The cephalic index or cranial index is a number obtained by taking the maximum width (biparietal diameter or BPD, side to side) of the head of an organism, multiplying it by 100 and then dividing it by their maximum length (occipitofrontal diameter or OFD, front to back).
The two measures are often confused in descriptions of dog breeds. The cephalic index is used to classify animals into three groups: Brachycephalic (literally 'short-headed'): the length of the cranium is shorter than the width, giving the top and sides of the cranium a round shape, often referred to as 'apple-head'.
64074 Ensembl ENSG00000112562 ENSMUSG00000023886 UniProt Q9H3U7 Q8CD91 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_001166412 NM_022138 NM_022315 RefSeq (protein) NP_001159884 NP_071421 NP_071710 Location (UCSC) Chr 6: 168.44 – 168.67 Mb Chr 17: 14.5 – 14.63 Mb PubMed search Wikidata View/Edit Human View/Edit Mouse SPARC-related modular calcium-binding protein 2 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SMOC2 ...
Curvature of the back, called roaching, might be caused by patella problems with the rear legs, which in turn causes the dog to lean forward onto the forelegs. [2] The Boston Terrier is a brachycephalic breed of dog. [16] Brachycephaly refers to the shortened muzzle of the breed which results in a pushed-in appearance of the face. [17]
The massive head is a crucial breed characteristic. The Dogue de Bordeaux is claimed to have the largest head in the canine world, in proportion to the rest of the body. For males, the circumference of the head, measured at the widest point of the skull, is roughly equal to the dog's height at the withers (shoulders).
[12] [13] Brachycephaly results in deformation of the upper airway tract and leads to obstruction of breathing. [14] Effects of brachycephaly are stridor , stertorous breathing, emesis , skin fold dermatitis , brachycephalic airway obstructive syndrome , exophthalmos , pharyngeal gag reflex , cyanosis , and laryngeal collapse.