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2. Gum arabic - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gum_arabic

   The name "gum Arabic" (al-samgh al-'arabi) was used in the Middle East at least as early as the 9th century. Gum arabic first found its way to Europe via Arabic ports, and retained its name of origin. [3] Gum arabic is a complex mixture of glycoproteins and polysaccharides, predominantly polymers of arabinose and galactose.

3. Watercolor painting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watercolor_painting

   A set of watercolors. Watercolor paint consists of four principal ingredients: [61] a pigment; gum arabic [62] [63] as a binder to hold the pigment in suspension; additives like glycerin, ox gall, [64] honey, and preservatives to alter the viscosity, hiding, durability or color of the pigment and vehicle mixture; and, evaporating water, as a ...

4. Hand-colouring of photographs - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hand-colouring_of_photographs

   Watercolour paint used in photographic hand-colouring consists of four ingredients: pigments (natural or synthetic), a binder (traditionally arabic gum), additives to improve plasticity (such as glycerine), and a solvent to dilute the paint (i.e. water) that evaporates when the paint dries. The paint is typically applied to prints using a soft ...

5. Gouache - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gouache

   Gouache (/ ɡ u ˈ ɑː ʃ, ɡ w ɑː ʃ /; French:), body color, [a] or opaque watercolor is a water-medium paint consisting of natural pigment, water, a binding agent (usually gum arabic or dextrin), [1] and sometimes additional inert material. Gouache is designed to be opaque. Gouache has a long history, having been used for at least twelve ...

6. Wash (visual arts) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wash_(visual_arts)

   However, when gum arabic watercolor washes are applied to a highly absorbent surface, such as paper, the effects are long lasting. The wash technique can be achieved by doing the following: With water-based media such as inks, acrylic paints, tempera paints or watercolor paints, a wet brush should be dipped into a pool of very wet and diluted ...

7. Photographic emulsion - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photographic_emulsion

   However, the word emulsion is customarily used in a photographic context. Gelatin or gum arabic layers sensitized with dichromate used in the dichromated colloid processes carbon and gum bichromate are sometimes called emulsions. Some processes do not have emulsions, such as platinum, cyanotype, salted paper, or kallitype.

8. Watercolor paper - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watercolor_paper

   Papyrus was used as a 'paper' onto which the Egyptians applied their water-based paints or pigments. [5] Modern Watercolor brands and countries of manufacture: Winsor & Newton, Saunders & Waterford, Hayle Mill, Whatman and Bockingford Watercolor Paper made in Britain; Bee Paper Company and St. Armand Watercolor Paper, Canada; Velke Losiny Moldau watercolor paper, Czech Republic; Canson ...

9. Crayon - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crayon

   A crayon (or wax pastel) is a stick of pigmented wax used for writing or drawing. Wax crayons differ from pastels, in which the pigment is mixed with a dry binder such as gum arabic, and from oil pastels, where the binder is a mixture of wax and oil. Crayons are available in a range of prices, and are easy to work with.