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2. Thermal cutoff - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal_cutoff

   They are found in virtually every refrigerator, microwave, clothes dryer, space heater, and many more appliances found throughout the home. Another type of thermal switch is a PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) thermistor ; these thermistors have a "cutting off" temperature at which the resistance suddenly rises rapidly, limiting the ...

3. Overheating (electricity) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overheating_(electricity)

   Circuit-breakers can be placed at portions of a circuit in series to the path of current it will affect. If more current than expected goes through the circuit-breaker, the circuit breaker "opens" the circuit and stops all current. A fuse is a common type of circuit breaker that involves direct effect of Joule-overheating.

4. Electrical fault - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrical_fault

   In a "ground fault" or "earth fault", current flows into the earth. The prospective short-circuit current of a predictable fault can be calculated for most situations. In power systems, protective devices can detect fault conditions and operate circuit breakers and other devices to limit the loss of service due to a failure.

5. Circuit breaker - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_breaker

   Air circuit breakers—Rated current up to 6,300 A and higher for generator circuit breakers. Trip characteristics are often fully adjustable including configurable trip thresholds and delays. Usually electronically controlled, though some models are microprocessor controlled via an integral electronic trip unit. Often used for main power ...

6. Fuse (electrical) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuse_(electrical)

   A circuit breaker at 115 kV may cost up to five times as much as a set of power fuses, so the resulting saving can be tens of thousands of dollars. [ citation needed ] In medium-voltage distribution systems, a power fuse may be used to protect a transformer serving 1–3 houses.

7. Appliance classes - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Appliance_classes

   Appliance classes (also known as protection classes) specify measures to prevent dangerous contact voltages on unenergized parts, such as the metallic casing, of an electronic device. In the electrical appliance manufacturing industry, the following appliance classes are defined in IEC 61140 and used to differentiate between the protective ...