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A440 (also known as Stuttgart pitch [1]) is the musical pitch corresponding to an audio frequency of 440 Hz, which serves as a tuning standard for the musical note of A above middle C, or A 4 in scientific pitch notation. It is standardized by the International Organization for Standardization as ISO 16.
Thus, A 0 refers to the first A above C 0 and middle C (the one-line octave's C or simply c′) is denoted as C 4 in SPN. For example, C 4 is one note above B 3 , and A 5 is one note above G 5 . The octave number is tied to the alphabetic character used to describe the pitch, with the division between note letters ‘B’ and ‘C’, thus:
C 4 (approximately 261.626 Hz [3]) may be called Low C by someone playing a Western concert flute, which has a higher and narrower playing range than the piano, while C 5 (523.251 Hz) would be middle C. This practice has led some to encourage standardizing on C 4 as the definitive middle C in instructional materials across all instruments. [4]
The diapason normal resulted in middle C being tuned at about 258.65 Hz ⓘ. An alternative pitch standard known as philosophical or scientific pitch fixes middle C at 256 Hz ⓘ (that is, 2 8 Hz), which places the A above it at approximately 430.54 Hz ⓘ in equal temperament tuning.
An 88-key piano, with the octaves numbered and Middle C (cyan) and A440 (yellow) highlighted A printable version of the standard key frequencies (only including the 88 keys on a standard piano) Values in bold are exact on an idealized standard piano.
Scientific pitch, also known as philosophical pitch, Sauveur pitch or Verdi tuning, is an absolute concert pitch standard which is based on middle C (C 4) being set to 256 Hz rather than approximately 261.63 Hz, [1] making it approximately 31.77 cents lower than the common A440 pitch standard.
The spiral of a G clef (not a point on the spiral, but the center around which the spiral is drawn) shows where the G above middle C is located on the staff. A G clef with the spiral centered on the second line of the staff is called treble clef. [2] The treble clef is the most commonly encountered clef in modern notation. Alto clef
The A above middle C is usually set at 440 Hz (often written as "A = 440 Hz" or sometimes "A440"), although other frequencies, such as 442 Hz, are also often used as variants. Another standard pitch, the so-called Baroque pitch , has been set in the 20th century as A = 415 Hz—approximately an equal-tempered semitone lower than A440 to ...