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C 4 (approximately 261.626 Hz [3]) may be called Low C by someone playing a Western concert flute, which has a higher and narrower playing range than the piano, while C 5 (523.251 Hz) would be middle C. This practice has led some to encourage standardizing on C 4 as the definitive middle C in instructional materials across all instruments. [4]
For example, "C" in Helmholtz's original notation [3] refers to the C two octaves below middle C, whereas "C" in ABC Notation refers to middle C itself. With scientific pitch notation, middle C is always C 4, and C 4 is never any note but middle C. This notation system also avoids the "fussiness" of having to visually distinguish between four ...
Scientific pitch, also known as philosophical pitch, Sauveur pitch or Verdi tuning, is an absolute concert pitch standard which is based on middle C (C 4) being set to 256 Hz rather than approximately 261.63 Hz, [1] making it approximately 31.77 cents lower than the common A440 pitch standard.
The diapason normal resulted in middle C being tuned at about 258.65 Hz ⓘ. An alternative pitch standard known as philosophical or scientific pitch fixes middle C at 256 Hz ⓘ (that is, 2 8 Hz), which places the A above it at approximately 430.54 Hz ⓘ in equal temperament tuning.
An 88-key piano, with the octaves numbered and Middle C (cyan) and A440 (yellow) highlighted A printable version of the standard key frequencies (only including the 88 keys on a standard piano) Values in bold are exact on an idealized standard piano.
In this notation, middle C is C 4, because of the note's position as the fourth C key on a standard 88-key piano keyboard, while the C an octave higher is C 5. An 88-key piano, with the octaves numbered and Middle C (turquoise) and A440 (yellow) highlighted
The C-clef is mostly encountered as alto clef (placing middle C on the third line) or tenor clef (middle C on the fourth line). A clef may be placed on a space instead of a line, but this is rare. The use of different clefs makes it possible to write music for all instruments and voices, regardless of differences in range. Using different clefs ...
The C clef was sometimes placed on the third space of the staff (equivalent to an octave treble clef) but this usage is unusual since all other modern clefs are placed on lines. Tenor clef: F clef An F clef places the F below middle C on the line between the dots. [2]