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The number of students decreased dramatically due to the urgent need to expand the German Armed Forces: there were far fewer than the expected 15,000. 10,538 men and 1,503 women registered in 1934, which led to a shortage of young academics although, since 1936 the number of women at German universities had actually been growing.
The first women's university. [231] Baden, Germany Universities open to women. [232] Sri Lanka Secondary education open to women. [233] 1901: Bulgaria Universities open to women. [173] Cuba Universities open to women. [170] 1902: Australia Ada Evans becomes the first woman to graduate in law at the University of Sydney. [234] 1903: United States
It was also a period of great expansion. From 1903, women were allowed to study at Bavarian universities, and by 1918, the female proportion of students at LMU had reached 18%. In 1918, Adele Hartmann became the first woman in Germany to earn the Habilitation (higher doctorate), at LMU.
Women were barred from government and university positions. Women's rights groups, such as the moderate BDF, were disbanded, and replaced with new social groups that would reinforce Nazi values, under the leadership of the Nazi Party and the head of women's affairs in Nazi Germany, Reichsfrauenführerin Gertrud Scholtz-Klink. [24]
Highest ranked universities in Germany include some research oriented universities for MS, MBA, medical and engineering. [ 2 ] The list does not, however, cover the German Fachhochschulen (University of Applied Sciences ) or institutions that cover only certain disciplines such as business studies , fine arts , or engineering .
The Universities of Oxford and Cambridge emphasized the importance of research, arguably more authentically implementing Humboldt's idea of a university than even German universities, which were subject to state authority. [40] Overall, science became the focus of universities in the 19th and 20th centuries.
The Esslingen MBA was one of the pioneers of international, English-language programs at Fachhochschulen, the forerunner of Universities of Applied Sciences, in Germany; the Fachhochschulen had been allowed to offer international degrees such as the MBA through the 1998 modification of the Hochschulrahmengesetz (Higher Education Framework Act). [3]
MLU offers German and international (English) courses leading to academic degrees such as BA, BSc, MA, MSc, doctoral degrees, and habilitation. The university was created in 1817 through the merger of the University of Wittenberg (founded in 1502) and the University of Halle (founded in 1694).