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The mononuclear spot test or monospot test, a form of the heterophile antibody test, [1] is a rapid test for infectious mononucleosis due to Epstein–Barr virus (EBV). It is an improvement on the Paul–Bunnell test. [2] The test is specific for heterophile antibodies produced by the human immune system in response to EBV
Heterophile antibodies are IgM antibodies with affinity for sheep and horse red blood cells. They appear during the first week of infectious mononucleosis symptoms, 3–4 weeks after infection and return to undetectable levels 3 to 6 months after infection. Heterophile antibody is a fairly specific but insensitive test for EBV.
Mono is primarily diagnosed based on the symptoms and can be confirmed with blood tests for specific antibodies. [3] Another typical finding is increased blood lymphocytes of which more than 10% are reactive. [3] [9] The monospot test is not recommended for general use due to poor accuracy. [10]
A peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) is any peripheral blood cell having a round nucleus. [1] These cells consist of lymphocytes (T cells, B cells, NK cells) and monocytes, whereas erythrocytes and platelets have no nuclei, and granulocytes (neutrophils, basophils, and eosinophils) have multi-lobed nuclei. In humans, lymphocytes make up ...
Individuals with CBL-MZ commonly present with: B-cell blood counts that are extremely high (>4.0x10 9; range 3.0x10 9 /L to 37.1x10 9 /L);, [6] represent a large percentage of cases that would otherwise be designated as non-CLL/SLL MLB; [2] often have an IgM monoclonal gammopathy, i.e. high blood levels of a monoclonal IgM antibody; and in ...
Some hospitals in the U.S. are seeing an increase in RSV and higher levels of "walking pneumonia" among young children despite overall respiratory illness activity remaining low nationally.
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A white blood cell differential is a medical laboratory test that provides information about the types and amounts of white blood cells in a person's blood. The test, which is usually ordered as part of a complete blood count (CBC), measures the amounts of the five normal white blood cell types – neutrophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, eosinophils and basophils – as well as abnormal cell ...