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Animal ecologist, biogeographer, author of first American book on animal ecology in 1913, founded ecological energetics [82] [83] Friedrich Ratzel: 1844–1904: German geographer who first coined the term biogeography in 1891. Frederic Clements: 1874–1945: Authored the first influential American ecology book in 1905 [84] Victor Ernest ...
While at the University of Nebraska, he met Edith Gertrude Schwartz (1874–1971), also a botanist and ecologist, and they were married in 1899. [ 1 ] [ 5 ] In 1905 he was appointed full professor at the University of Nebraska, but left in 1907 to head the botany department at the University of Minnesota in Minneapolis .
[1] [34] Paul Sears was an early proponent of applying human ecology, addressing topics aimed at the population explosion of humanity, global resource limits, pollution, and published a comprehensive account on human ecology as a discipline in 1954. He saw the vast "explosion" of problems humans were creating for the environment and reminded us ...
In historical ecology, the landscape is defined as an area of interaction between human culture and the non-human environment. The landscape is a perpetually changing, physical manifestation of history. [17] Historical ecology revises the notion of the ecosystem and replaces it with the landscape. While an ecosystem is static and cyclic, a ...
In the early 20th century, ecology transitioned from a more descriptive form of natural history to a more analytical form of scientific natural history. [236] [239] [253] Frederic Clements published the first American ecology book in 1905, [254] presenting the idea of plant communities as a superorganism. This publication launched a debate ...
MacArthur was a professor at the University of Pennsylvania, 1958–65, and professor of biology at Princeton University, 1965–72.He played an important role in the development of niche partitioning, and with E.O. Wilson he co-authored The Theory of Island Biogeography (1967), a work which changed the field of biogeography, drove community ecology and led to the development of modern ...
The green world hypothesis was likely first proposed in a 1957 course by Frederick Edward Smith at the University of Michigan. [5] [6] In 1960, Nelson Hairston, Smith, and Lawrence Slobodkin published a paper laying out the green world hypothesis. The name HSS derives from the first letters of each of their surnames. [7] [8]
In 1967, Roderick Nash published Wilderness and the American Mind, a work that has become a classic text of early environmental history.In an address to the Organization of American Historians in 1969 (published in 1970) Nash used the expression "environmental history", [4] although 1972 is generally taken as the date when the term was first coined. [5]