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  2. Membrane protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Membrane_protein

    Although membrane proteins play an important role in all organisms, their purification has historically, and continues to be, a huge challenge for protein scientists. In 2008, 150 unique structures of membrane proteins were available, [14] and by 2019 only 50 human membrane proteins had had their structures elucidated. [13]

  3. Cell surface receptor - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_surface_receptor

    Cell surface receptors (membrane receptors, transmembrane receptors) are receptors that are embedded in the plasma membrane of cells. [1] They act in cell signaling by receiving (binding to) extracellular molecules. They are specialized integral membrane proteins that allow communication between the cell and the extracellular space.

  4. Lipid-anchored protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid-anchored_protein

    The lipid-anchored protein can be located on either side of the cell membrane. Thus, the lipid serves to anchor the protein to the cell membrane. [1] [2] They are a type of proteolipids. The lipid groups play a role in protein interaction and can contribute to the function of the protein to which it is attached. [2]

  5. Cell membrane - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_membrane

    Another example of a transmembrane protein is a cell-surface receptor, which allow cell signaling molecules to communicate between cells. [31] 3. Endocytosis: Endocytosis is the process in which cells absorb molecules by engulfing them. The plasma membrane creates a small deformation inward, called an invagination, in which the substance to be ...

  6. List of proteins - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_proteins

    At the top level are all alpha proteins (domains consisting of alpha helices), all beta proteins (domains consisting of beta sheets), and mixed alpha helix/beta sheet proteins. While most proteins adopt a single stable fold, a few proteins can rapidly interconvert between one or more folds. These are referred to as metamorphic proteins. [5]

  7. Transmembrane protein - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmembrane_protein

    Alpha-helical proteins are present in the inner membranes of bacterial cells or the plasma membrane of eukaryotic cells, and sometimes in the bacterial outer membrane. [5] This is the major category of transmembrane proteins. In humans, 27% of all proteins have been estimated to be alpha-helical membrane proteins. [6]

  8. Cell adhesion molecule - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cell_adhesion_molecule

    Cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) are a subset of cell surface proteins [1] that are involved in the binding of cells with other cells or with the extracellular matrix (ECM), in a process called cell adhesion. [2] In essence, CAMs help cells stick to each other and to their surroundings.

  9. Tetraspanin - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetraspanin

    Tetraspanins are often thought to act as scaffolding proteins, anchoring multiple proteins to one area of the cell membrane. [1] Tetraspanins are highly conserved between species. Some tetraspanins can have N-linked glycosylations on the long extracellular loop (LEL, EC2) and palmitoylations at a CXXC motif in their transmembrane region. [2]