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Light micrograph of a moss's leaf cells at 400X magnification. The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to cell biology: . Cell biology – A branch of biology that includes study of cells regarding their physiological properties, structure, and function; the organelles they contain; interactions with their environment; and their life cycle, division, and death.
The Human Cell Atlas project, which started in 2016, had as one of its goals to "catalog all cell types (for example, immune cells or brain cells) and sub-types in the human body". [13] By 2018, the Human Cell Atlas description based the project on the assumption that "our characterization of the hundreds of types and subtypes of cells in the ...
G 1 is a time of growth for the cell where specialized cellular functions occur in order to prepare the cell for DNA replication. [16] There are checkpoints during interphase that allow the cell to either advance or halt further development.
A high-frequency recombination cell (Hfr cell) (also called an Hfr strain) is a bacterium with a conjugative plasmid (for example, the F-factor) integrated into its chromosomal DNA. The integration of the plasmid into the cell's chromosome is through homologous recombination .
Electromagnetic – cordless telephone frequency introduced in 2003 10 10: 10 GHz: 3 GHz to 30 GHz: Electromagnetic – super high frequency: 60 GHz: Electromagnetic – 60 GHz Wi-Fi (WiGig) introduced in 2010 10 11: 100 GHz 160.2 GHz: Electromagnetic – peak of cosmic microwave background radiation: 845 GHz: Fastest transistor (December 2006 ...
Positive control elements that bind to DNA and incite higher levels of transcription. [ 3 ] While these means of transcriptional regulation also exist in eukaryotes, the transcriptional landscape is significantly more complicated both by the number of proteins involved as well as by the presence of introns and the packaging of DNA into histones .
The concept of the Renshaw cells was postulated by Birdsey Renshaw (1911–1948), [13] when it was discovered that with antidromic signals from a motor neuron running collaterally back via the ventral root into the spinal cord, there were interneurons firing with a high frequency, resulting in inhibition.
A new model of cell cycle-regulated transcription: Repression of the cyclin A promoter by CDF-1 and anti-repression by E2F. Oncogene 16, 2957–2963. Merrick, K. a, and Fisher, R.P. (2011). Putting one step before the other: distinct activation pathways for Cdk1 and Cdk2 bring order to the mammalian cell cycle. 9, 706–714.