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Mathematics instructor Jaime Escalante dismissed the NCTM standards as something written by a PE teacher. [4] In 2001 and 2009, NCTM released the Principles and Standards for School Mathematics (PSSM) and the Curriculum Focal Points which expanded on the work of the previous standards documents. Particularly, the PSSM reiterated the 1989 ...
The Common Core State Standards Initiative, also known as simply Common Core, was an American, multi-state educational initiative begun in 2010 with the goal of increasing consistency across state standards, or what K–12 students throughout the United States should know in English language arts and mathematics at the conclusion of each school grade.
The Principles and Standards for School Mathematics was developed by the NCTM. The NCTM's stated intent was to improve mathematics education. The contents were based on surveys of existing curriculum materials, curricula and policies from many countries, educational research publications, and government agencies such as the U.S. National Science Foundation. [3]
The curriculum that SSMCIS devised had influences from earlier reform work in Europe, [3] going back to the Bourbaki group's work in France in the 1930s and the Synopses for Modern Secondary School Mathematics published in Paris in 1961. [9] Indeed, most European secondary schools were teaching a more integrated approach. [14]
Similarly, the AMC 10 and AMC 12 test mathematics through the 10th and 12th grade curriculum, respectively. [2] Before the 1999-2000 academic year, the AMC 8 was known as the AJHSME (American Junior High School Mathematics Examination), and the AMC 12 was known as the AHSME (American High School Mathematics Examination).
Topics introduced in the New Math include set theory, modular arithmetic, algebraic inequalities, bases other than 10, matrices, symbolic logic, Boolean algebra, and abstract algebra. [2] All of the New Math projects emphasized some form of discovery learning. [3] Students worked in groups to invent theories about problems posed in the textbooks.
In 2006, the NCTM released Curriculum Focal Points, which recommend the most important mathematical topics for each grade level through grade 8. However, these standards were guidelines to implement as American states and Canadian provinces chose.
[7] [8] Some districts in other states, including California, have either switched or are considering switching to an integrated curriculum. [9] Under the Common Core Standards adopted by most states in 2012, high school mathematics may be taught using either a traditional American approach or an integrated curriculum. The only difference would ...
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