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  2. Contamination - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contamination

    Within the sciences, the word "contamination" can take on a variety of subtle differences in meaning, whether the contaminant is a solid or a liquid, [3] as well as the variance of environment the contaminant is found to be in. [2] A contaminant may even be more abstract, as in the case of an unwanted energy source that may interfere with a process. [2]

  3. Food contaminant - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_contaminant

    A food contaminant is a harmful chemical or microorganism present in food, which can cause illness to the consumer.. Contaminated food . The impact of chemical contaminants on consumer health and well-being is often apparent only after many years of processing and prolonged exposure at low levels (e.g., cancer).

  4. Microbial biodegradation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_biodegradation

    Microbial biodegradation is the use of bioremediation and biotransformation methods to harness the naturally occurring ability of microbial xenobiotic metabolism to degrade, transform or accumulate environmental pollutants, including hydrocarbons (e.g. oil), polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), polyaromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), heterocyclic compounds (such as pyridine or quinoline ...

  5. Bioremediation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bioremediation

    Genetically modified bacteria has also been explored for use in sequestration of Arsenic. [42] Phytoextraction processes concentrate contaminants in the biomass for subsequent removal. Metal extractions can in principle be performed in situ or ex situ where in situ is preferred since it is less expensive to excavate the substrate. [43]

  6. Food microbiology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food_microbiology

    Food microbiology is the study of the microorganisms that inhabit, create, or contaminate food.This includes the study of microorganisms causing food spoilage; pathogens that may cause disease (especially if food is improperly cooked or stored); microbes used to produce fermented foods such as cheese, yogurt, bread, beer, and wine; and microbes with other useful roles, such as producing ...

  7. Indicator organism - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indicator_organism

    The presence of bacteria commonly found in human feces, termed coliform bacteria (e.g. E. coli), in surface water is a common indicator of faecal contamination. The means by which pathogens found in fecal matter can enter recreational bodies of water include, but are not limited to, sewage, septic systems, urban runoff , coastal recreational ...

  8. Microbial ecology - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microbial_ecology

    Again, microbial interaction are involved in bioremediation. Bioremediation is a technology that is employed to remove heavy metal contaminants from soil [36] and wastewater [37] using microorganisms. Microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi removes organic and inorganic pollutants by oxidizing or reducing them.

  9. Pathogenic bacteria - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pathogenic_bacteria

    Pathogenic bacteria are bacteria that can cause disease. [1] This article focuses on the bacteria that are pathogenic to humans. Most species of bacteria are harmless and many are beneficial but others can cause infectious diseases. The number of these pathogenic species in humans is estimated to be fewer than a hundred. [2]