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A settling basin, settling pond or decant pond is an earthen or concrete structure using sedimentation to remove settleable matter and turbidity from wastewater. The basins are used to control water pollution in diverse industries such as agriculture , [ 1 ] aquaculture , [ 2 ] and mining .
Settling is the process by which particulates move towards the bottom of a liquid and form a sediment. Particles that experience a force, either due to gravity or due to centrifugal motion will tend to move in a uniform manner in the direction exerted by that force.
Settling basins and clarifiers should be designed based on the settling velocity (v s) of the smallest particle to be theoretically 100% removed. The overflow rate is defined as: [citation needed] Overflow rate (v o) = Flow of water (Q (m 3 /s)) /(Surface area of settling basin (A(m 2))
Sediment trap installed on a construction site.. A sediment trap is a temporary settling basin installed on a construction site to capture eroded or disturbed soil that is washed off during rain storms, and protect the water quality of a nearby stream, river, lake, or bay.
Settling basins are ponds constructed for the purpose of removing entrained solids by sedimentation. [21] Clarifiers are tanks built with mechanical means for continuous removal of solids being deposited by sedimentation; [ 22 ] however, clarification does not remove dissolved solids .
Detention basins are similar but are "dry ponds" designed to temporarily hold runoff as a flood control measure. Infiltration basins are ponds designed to percolate their contents into underlying permeable soils. Settling basins are designed to separate solids from wastewaters without provision for treatment of those solids.
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Thereafter the settling velocity will be essentially constant and will depend upon the size, shape, and density of the particle, as well as the density and viscosity of the water. For most theoretical and practical computations of settling velocities in sedimentation basins, the shape of the particles is assumed to be spherical.