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Vaping-associated pulmonary injury (VAPI), [4] also known as vaping-associated lung injury (VALI) [1] or e-cigarette, or vaping, product use associated lung injury (E/VALI), [2] [a] is an umbrella term, [15] [16] used to describe lung diseases associated with the use of vaping products that can be severe and life-threatening. [3]
Vaping causes bronchospasm. [93] Adolescents who vaped had a higher frequency of chronic bronchitis symptoms. [133] A 2015 review reported that the long-term effects regarding respiratory flow resistance were unknown. [90] A 2014 review concluded that e-cigarettes reduced lung function, but much less than traditional cigarettes. [134]
Chest and back pain from recurrent pneumothoraces (air in the chest outside of the lungs) [136] Trouble breathing, necessitating a ventilator and medically induced coma. [137] The 18-year-old patient says she bought vaping products from a smoke shop that did not ask for her ID card, enabling her to lie and claim that she was 22. [138]
Other causes can include acid reflux, asthma, allergies, or other chronic medical conditions, adds Richard Watkins, M.D., an infectious disease physician and professor of medicine at the Northeast ...
Tyramine is an amino acid found in some foods and can be part of a chain reaction that leads blood vessels in the head to narrow and dilate, which causes throbbing pain, according to the National ...
The LD 50 of nicotine is 50 mg/kg for rats and 3 mg/kg for mice. 0.5–1.0 mg/kg can be a lethal dosage for adult humans, and 0.1 mg/kg for children. [19] [20] However the widely used human LD 50 estimate of 0.5–1.0 mg/kg was questioned in a 2013 review, in light of several documented cases of humans surviving much higher doses; the 2013 review suggests that the lower limit causing fatal ...
Chest CT Scan can identify the presence of a pneumonia as well, and can also assist in characterizing abscesses, foreign objects, or pleural disease. Aspiration seen on barium swallow study. A fluoroscopic swallow study can be done in cases where dysphagia or motility disorders are thought to be the source of aspiration.
A 2018 Cochrane review found that, in rare cases, nicotine replacement therapy can cause non-ischemic chest pain (i.e., chest pain that is unrelated to a heart attack) and heart palpitations, but does not increase the incidence of serious cardiac adverse events (i.e., myocardial infarction, stroke, and cardiac death) relative to controls.