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Later Kannada works replaced 'rh' and 'lh' with ರ (ra) and ಳ (la) respectively. [22] It is still used to write the Badaga language and a vowel + virama + ḻ is used to transcribe its retroflex vowels. [23] Another letter (or unclassified vyanjana (consonant)) that has become extinct is 'nh' or 'inn'.
Konkani alphabets refers to the five different scripts (Devanagari, Roman, Kannada, Malayalam and Perso-Arabic scripts) currently used to write the Konkani language.. As of 1987, the "Goan Antruz dialect" in the Devanagari script has been declared Standard Konkani and promulgated as an official language in the Indian state of Goa.
The name given for a pure, true letter is akshara, akkara or varna. Each letter has its own form (ākāra) and sound (shabda); providing the visible and audible representations, respectively. Kannada is written from left to right. [3] Kannada alphabet (aksharamale or varnamale) now consists of 49 letters. [4]
A letter can be formal or informal, depending on its audience and purpose. Besides being a means of communication and a store of information, letter writing has played a role in the reproduction of writing as an art throughout history. [1] Letters have been sent since antiquity and are mentioned in the Iliad. [2]
The Telugu–Kannada script (or Kannada–Telugu script) was a writing system used in Southern India. Despite some significant differences, the scripts used for the Telugu and Kannada languages remain quite similar and highly mutually intelligible. Satavahanas and Chalukyas influenced the similarities between Telugu and Kannada scripts. [3]
Kannada exhibits a strong diglossia, like Tamil, also characterised by three styles: a classical literary style modelled on the ancient language, a modern literary and formal style, and a modern colloquial form. These styles shade into each other, forming a diglossic continuum. The formal style is generally used in formal writing and speech.
The Kannada language is written using the Kannada script, which evolved from the 5th-century Kadamba script. Kannada is attested epigraphically for about one and a half millennia and literary Old Kannada flourished during the 9th-century Rashtrakuta Empire. [13] [14] Kannada has an unbroken literary history of around 1200 years. [15]
The Kadamba script is the first writing system devised specifically for writing Kannada and it was later adopted to write Telugu language. [4] The Kadamba script is also known as Pre-Old-Kannada script. The Kadamba script is one of the oldest of the southern group of the Brahmi script.