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The water-accessible surface area of an IgG antibody. Immunoglobulin G (IgG) is a type of antibody. Representing approximately 75% of serum antibodies in humans, IgG is the most common type of antibody found in blood circulation. [1] IgG molecules are created and released by plasma B cells. Each IgG antibody has two paratopes.
It is possible to have either a global IgG deficiency, or a deficiency of one or more specific subclasses of IgG. [1] [2] The main clinically relevant form of IgG deficiency is IgG 2. IgG 3 deficiency is not usually encountered without other concomitant immunoglobulin deficiencies, and IgG 4 deficiency is very common but usually asymptomatic. [3]
The IgG responses to bacterial capsular polysaccharide antigens are mediated primarily via IgG2 subclass, and deficiencies in this subclass result in susceptibility to certain bacterial species. [8] IgG2 represents the major antibody subclass reacting to glycan antigens but IgG1 and IgG3 subclasses have also been observed in such responses ...
The most common antibody isotype involved in warm antibody AIHA is IgG, though sometimes IgA is found. The IgG antibodies attach to a red blood cell, leaving their F C portion exposed with maximal reactivity at 37 °C (versus cold antibody induced hemolytic anemia whose antibodies only bind red blood cells at low body temperatures, typically 28–31 °C).
The basic tests performed when an immunodeficiency is suspected should include a full blood count (including accurate lymphocyte and granulocyte counts) and immunoglobulin levels (the three most important types of antibodies: IgG, IgA and IgM). [6] [5] Other tests are performed depending on the suspected disorder: [5] [6]
Heavy Chain Deposition Disease (HCDD) features deposition of heavy chains only. Most commonly, this subtype is formed of monoclonal proteins of the IgG1 subclass of IgG. [2] The immunoglobulin heavy chain in HCDD is frequently a truncated heavy chain. [10] HCDD is the rarest subtype of MIDD. [10]
Hypergammaglobulinemia is a condition that is characterized by the increased levels of a certain immunoglobulin in the blood serum. [1] The name of the disorder refers to an excess of proteins after serum protein electrophoresis (found in the gammaglobulin region).
The main ligand is Protein G (prepared from Group C or G Streptococcus or by recombinant technology), which has high affinity for all four IgG subclasses. Another ReACT ligand is Protein A (from Group A Staphylococcus), which binds to IgG 1, 2, and 4. A study published in 2002 showed a loss of sensitivity for detecting significant antibodies.