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For example, certain intensities of exposure to radioactive elements can inflict damage to an organism's genome, heightening rates of mutation. In humans, the appearance of skin cancer during one's lifetime is induced by overexposure to UV radiation that causes mutations in the cellular and skin genome. [107]
Lewis Stadler, Muller's contemporary, also showed the effect of X-rays on mutations in barley in 1928, and of ultraviolet (UV) radiation on maize in 1936. [8] In 1940s, Charlotte Auerbach and J. M. Robson found that mustard gas can also cause mutations in fruit flies. [9]
One of the largest promoters of apoptosis is exposure to ultraviolet (UV) light. While UV light is essential to human life it can also cause harm by inducing cancer, immunosuppression, photoaging, inflammation, and cell death. [1] Of the various components of sunlight, ultraviolet radiation B (UVB) (290-320 nm) is considered to be the most harmful.
Ultraviolet radiation: UVB radiation causes direct DNA damage and is a known risk factor for skin cancer (e.g. melanoma) Alkylating antineoplastic agents: This group of chemotherapy agents adds alkyl group to DNA, which causes crosslinking of DNA and interferes with DNA replication and DNA repair.
“Skin cancer is caused by exposing the cells in the skin to UV radiation, and particularly UVB radiation,” researcher Dr. Rachel Neale told CNN Medical Correspondent Meg Tirrell recently in a ...
In such methods, cells or organisms are exposed to mutagens such as UV radiation or mutagenic chemicals, and mutants with desired characteristics are then selected. Hermann Muller discovered in 1927 that X-rays can cause genetic mutations in fruit flies, [6] and went on to use the mutants he created for his studies in genetics. [7]
This DNA damage can cause changes in your genes called mutations that lead to skin cancer,” he told Healthline. ... This is because it acts as a barrier that blocks or absorbs harmful UV radiation.
Damage caused by exogenous agents comes in many forms. Some examples are: UV-B light causes crosslinking between adjacent cytosine and thymine bases creating pyrimidine dimers. This is called direct DNA damage. UV-A light creates mostly free radicals. The damage caused by free radicals is called indirect DNA damage.