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The ulnar nerve is a nerve that runs near the ulna, one of the two long bones in the forearm. The ulnar collateral ligament of elbow joint is in relation with the ulnar nerve. The nerve is the largest in the human body unprotected by muscle or bone, so injury is common. [ 1 ]
Schematic diagram of the medial side of the elbow showing the ulnar nerve passing through the cubital tunnel. Chronic compression of the ulnar nerve in the cubital tunnel is known as cubital tunnel syndrome. [4] There are several sites of possible compression, traction or friction of the ulnar nerve as it courses behind the elbow. [5]
See full article on ulnar nerve entrapment.) This is known as ulnar nerve entrapment or Guyon's canal syndrome. There are four subtypes of ulnar neuropathy at the wrist, of which type II is the most common. Guyon's canal syndrome [7] may be secondary to ganglion cyst formation, or compression against a bicycle handlebar.
The palmar branch represents the continuation of the ulnar nerve as it crosses the flexor retinaculum of the hand on the lateral side of the pisiform bone, medial to and a little behind the ulnar artery. Some sources state that it ends by dividing into a superficial and a deep branch. [1]
Cubital tunnel syndrome is an entrapment neuropathy, or nerve compression syndrome, a condition caused by compression, traction or friction, of the ulnar nerve at the elbow. [1] Nerve compression is also known as a trapped nerve. The ulnar nerve travels from the shoulder (brachial plexus) down the length of the arm to the hand.
The artery usually bifurcates near the apex (inferior part) of the cubital fossa into the radial artery (superficial) and ulnar artery (deeper) The median nerve; The ulnar nerve is also in the area, but is not in the cubital fossa; it occupies a groove on the posterior aspect of the medial epicondyle of the humerus.
It supplies the palmaris brevis and the skin on the ulnar side of the hand. [2] [3] It also divides into a common palmar digital nerve and a proper palmar digital nerve. [2] The proper digital branches are distributed to the fingers in the same manner as those of the median nerve.
Ulnar neuropathy is a disorder involving the ulnar nerve. Ulnar neuropathy may be caused by entrapment of the ulnar nerve with resultant numbness and tingling. [3] It may also cause weakness or paralysis of the muscles supplied by the nerve. Ulnar neuropathy may affect the elbow as cubital tunnel syndrome.