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The European Medicines Agency (EMA) is an agency of the European Union (EU) in charge of the evaluation and supervision of pharmaceutical products. Prior to 2004, it was known as the European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products or European Medicines Evaluation Agency ( EMEA ).
The special territories of EU member states are categorised under three headings: nine Outermost Regions (OMR) that form part of the European Union, though they benefit from derogations from some EU laws due to their geographical remoteness from mainland Europe; thirteen Overseas Countries and Territories (OCT) that do not form part of the ...
The payments from EFSF were earmarked to finance €35.6bn of PSI restructured government debt (as part of a deal where private investors in return accepted a nominal haircut, lower interest rates and longer maturities for their remaining principal), €48.2bn for bank recapitalization, [213] €11.3bn for a second PSI debt buy-back, [215 ...
The European Economic Area (EEA) was established via the Agreement on the European Economic Area, [4] an international agreement which enables the extension of the European Union's single market to member states of the European Free Trade Association (EFTA). [5]
international law juridical persons established through primary (treaty) legislation, either as an EU institution (the European Central Bank) or an EU body of other type (such as the European Investment Bank Group entities, the European University Institute, the European Stability Mechanism or the Unified Patent Court) other EU institutions
People's Bank of China: Renminbi: 2.69 Pan Gongsheng: 中国人民銀行 / Zhōngguó Rénmín Yínháng: 1948 Canada: Bank of Canada: Canadian dollar: 2.38 Tiff Macklem: Banque du Canada: 1935 Australia: Reserve Bank of Australia: Australian dollar: 1.96 Michele Bullock: 1960 Switzerland: Swiss National Bank: Swiss franc: 0.23 Thomas Jordan
The admission of a new state the Union is limited to liberal democracies and Freedom House ranks all EU states as being totally free electoral democracies. [54] All but 4 are ranked at the top 1.0 rating. [55] However, the exact political system of a state is not limited, with each state having its own system based on its historical evolution.
The United Kingdom left the European single market on 31 December 2020. An agreement was reached between the UK Government and European Commission to align Northern Ireland on rules for goods with the European single market, to maintain an open border on the island of Ireland. [9]