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A general representation of the method used to produce monoclonal antibodies [1] [2] A monoclonal antibody (mAb, more rarely called moAb) is an antibody produced from a cell lineage made by cloning a unique white blood cell. All subsequent antibodies derived this way trace back to a unique parent cell.
The advantage of active monoclonal antibody therapy is the fact that the immune system will produce antibodies long-term, with only a short-term drug administration to induce this response. However, the immune response to certain antigens may be inadequate, especially in the elderly.
Monoclonal antibodies are man-made proteins that can bind to certain targets in the body. “The antibodies go up to the brain and attack the plaque,” says Dung Trinh, M.D.
Golimumab, sold under the brand name Simponi, is a human monoclonal antibody which is used as an immunosuppressive medication. [3] [5] Golimumab targets tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), a pro-inflammatory molecule [6] and hence is a TNF inhibitor.
Rituximab, sold under the brand name Rituxan among others, is a monoclonal antibody medication used to treat certain autoimmune diseases and types of cancer. [18] It is used for non-Hodgkin lymphoma, chronic lymphocytic leukemia (in children and adults, but not recommended in elderly patients), rheumatoid arthritis, granulomatosis with polyangiitis, idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura ...
Secukinumab, sold under the brand name Cosentyx among others, is a human IgG1κ monoclonal antibody used for the treatment of psoriasis, ankylosing spondylitis, and psoriatic arthritis. [ 4 ] [ 5 ] [ 6 ] It binds to the protein interleukin (IL)-17A and is marketed by Novartis .
Ocrelizumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that binds to a CD20 epitope that overlaps partially with the epitope to which rituximab binds. [10] It has an immunoglobulin G1 with a variable region against human CD20, with a human-mouse monoclonal 2H7 γ1-chain, bound via disulfide links with human-mouse monoclonal 2H7 κ-chain in a dimer. [16]
It is a human monoclonal antibody developed by Genmab and Roche [4] for tumour treatment but was later researched by River Vision Development Corporation and Horizon Therapeutics to be used for ophthalmic uses. [5] It binds to IGF-1R. [1] Teprotumumab was approved for use in the United States in January 2020.