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Uterine fibroids, also known as uterine leiomyomas, fibromyoma or fibroids, are benign smooth muscle tumors of the uterus, part of the female reproductive system. [1] Most people [ note 1 ] with fibroids have no symptoms while others may have painful or heavy periods . [ 1 ]
Leiomyoma enucleated from a uterus. External surface on left; cut surface on right. Micrograph of a small, well-circumscribed colonic leiomyoma arising from the muscularis mucosae and showing fascicles of spindle cells with eosinophilic cytoplasm and elongated, cigar-shaped nuclei Immunohistochemistry for β-catenin in uterine leiomyoma, which is negative as there is only staining of cytoplasm ...
They most commonly occur as uterine fibroids, but may also form in other locations. Rhabdomyomas which occur in striated muscle. [1] [2] [3] They are rare tumors, occur in childhood and often become malignant. [citation needed] Whether or not angiomyomas are a type of leiomyoma or a separate entity is disputed as of 2014. [3]
Uterine fibroids can be treated with the same methods as sporadic uterine fibroids including anti-hormonal treatment, surgery, or embolisation. Substantially elevated risk of progression to or independent development of uterine leiomyosarcoma has been reported which may influence treatment methods. [3]
Giuliani et al. found that asymptomatic uterine fibroids are present in 70% of individuals who were diagnosed with it, suggesting that it plays a role in epidemiologic studies underestimating its prevalence. [32] Uterine fibroids are treated if the person is experiencing symptoms such as anemia, infertility, and pelvic and back pain.
Once the peritoneal cavity is opened, the uterus is incised, and the lesion(s) removed. The open approach is often preferred for larger lesions. One or more incisions may be set into the uterine muscle and are repaired once the fibroid has been removed. Recovery after surgery takes six to eight weeks.
Meigs syndrome may mimic other conditions, [4] since it is tumor arising from ovaries, pathology of any organs present in the abdomen may show a similar set of symptoms. . These include various gynecological disorders of the uterus such as endometrial tumor, sarcoma, leiomyoma (pseudo-Meigs syndrome); fallopian tube disorders such as hydrosalpinx, granulomatous salpingitis, fallopian tube ...
Secondary dysmenorrhea is the type of dysmenorrhea caused by another condition such as endometriosis, uterine fibroids, [5] uterine adenomyosis, and polycystic ovary syndrome. Rarely, birth defects, intrauterine devices, certain cancers, and pelvic infections cause secondary dysmenorrhea. [12]