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The siege of Lisbon was one of the few Christian victories of the Second Crusade—it was "the only success of the universal operation undertaken by the pilgrim army", i.e., the Second Crusade, according to the near contemporary historian Helmold, [3] although others have questioned whether it was really part of that crusade. [4]
In or about 1142 according to a brief reference in the Anglo-Norman text known as De expugnatione Lyxbonensi and the Portuguese text known as the Chronica Gothorum, a group of Anglo-Norman crusaders on their way to Jerusalem were invited by King Afonso I Henriques of Portugal to participate in an attempt to capture the Almoravid-controlled city of Lisbon. [1]
Crusades against Italian republics and cities, and Sicily. These are documented in the work by British historian Norman Housley, The Italian Crusades: The Papal-Angevin Alliance and the Crusades Against Christian Lay Powers, 1254-1343 (1982). [322] Mallorca Crusade. The Mallorca Crusade (1113–1115), also known as the Balearic Islands Expedition.
Map of the Iberian Peninsula in 1195. The Castilian field army had been destroyed. [ 43 ] The outcome of the battle shook the stability of the Kingdom of Castile for several years and all nearby castles surrendered or were abandoned: Malagón , Benavente , Calatrava la Vieja , Caracuel , and Torre de Guadalferza, [ 44 ] and the way to Toledo ...
A page from the Narratio de itinere navali, the most valuable source on the siege of 1189. The main source for the siege of Silves is an eyewitness account. The Narratio de itinere navali (Account of the Seaborne Journey) is a short but detailed Latin narrative of the crusader expedition from northern Germany told from a crusader's perspective. [1]
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The Second Crusade (1147–1150) was the second major crusade launched from Europe. The Second Crusade was started in response to the fall of the County of Edessa in 1144 to the forces of Zengi . The county had been founded during the First Crusade (1096–1099) by the future King Baldwin I of Jerusalem in 1098.
Scotland in the High Middle Ages is a relatively well-studied topic and Scottish medievalists have produced a wide variety of publications. Some, such as David Dumville, Thomas Owen Clancy and Dauvit Broun, are primarily interested in the native cultures of the country, and often have linguistic training in the Celtic languages.