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The concept of śūnyatā as "emptiness" is related to the concept of anatta in early Buddhism. [8] Over time, many different philosophical schools or tenet-systems (Sanskrit: siddhānta ) [ 9 ] have developed within Buddhism in an effort to explain the exact philosophical meaning of emptiness.
Furthermore, according to Kochumuttom, in Yogācāra "the absolute state is defined simply as emptiness, namely the emptiness of subject-object distinction. Once thus defined as emptiness ( sunyata ), it receives a number of synonyms, none of which betray idealism."
Nāgārjuna's major thematic focus is the concept of śūnyatā (translated into English as "emptiness") which brings together other key Buddhist doctrines, particularly anātman "not-self" and pratītyasamutpāda "dependent origination", to refute the metaphysics of some of his contemporaries.
A guide to the topic of emptiness from a Tibetan Buddhist perspective, with English translation of the Heart Sutra 2009 ISBN 978-0-86171-511-4: Geshe Kelsang Gyatso: The New Heart of Wisdom: An explanation of the Heart Sutra: Tharpa Publications: English translation of the Heart Sutra with commentary 2012 ISBN 978-1-906665-04-3: Karl Brunnholzl
Mādhyamaka ("middle way" or "centrism"; Chinese: 中觀見; pinyin: Zhōngguān Jìan; Tibetan: དབུ་མ་པ་ ; dbu ma pa), otherwise known as Śūnyavāda ("the emptiness doctrine") and Niḥsvabhāvavāda ("the no svabhāva doctrine"), refers to a tradition of Buddhist philosophy and practice founded by the Indian Buddhist monk and philosopher Nāgārjuna (c. 150 – c. 250 CE).
The teachings of Zen are expressed by a set of polarities: Buddha-nature - sunyata, [42] [43] absolute-relative, [44] sudden and gradual enlightenment. [45] The Prajnaparamita Sutras and Madhyamaka emphasized the non-duality of form and emptiness: form is emptiness, emptiness is form, as the Heart Sutra says. [44]
Absolute bodhicitta is the wisdom of shunyata [16] (śunyatā, a Sanskrit term often translated as "emptiness", though the alternatives "vast expanse" or "openness" or "spaciousness" probably convey the idea better to Westerners). [17]
Śūnyatā (Sanskrit: शून्यता, romanized: śūnyatā; Pali: suññatā) pronounced in English as /ʃuːnˈjɑː.tɑː/ (shoon-ya-ta), translated most often as emptiness, vacuity, and sometimes voidness, is a concept found in diverse religions which has multiple meanings depending on its doctrinal context, with parallel terminology ...