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In aqueous solution, ammonia deprotonates a small fraction of the water to give ammonium and hydroxide according to the following equilibrium: . NH 3 + H 2 O ⇌ NH + 4 + OH −.. In a 1 M ammonia solution, about 0.42% of the ammonia is converted to ammonium, equivalent to pH = 11.63 because [NH +
Benzophenone imine can be prepared by the thermal decomposition of benzophenone oxime: [2]. 2 (C 6 H 5) 2 C=NOH → (C 6 H 5) 2 C=NH + (C 6 H 5) 2 C=O. Benzophenone imine can also be synthesized by addition of phenylmagnesium bromide to benzonitrile followed by careful hydrolysis (lest the imine be hydrolyzed): [3]
Picramic acid, also known as 2-amino-4,6-dinitrophenol, [3] is an acid obtained by neutralizing an alcoholic solution of picric acid with ammonium hydroxide. Hydrogen sulfide is then added to the resulting solution, which turns red, yielding sulfur and red crystals.
An example of a weak base is ammonia. It does not contain hydroxide ions, but it reacts with water to produce ammonium ions and hydroxide ions. [4] The position of equilibrium varies from base to base when a weak base reacts with water. The further to the left it is, the weaker the base. [5]
Illustrative is the preparation of tetramethylammonium fluoride: [6] NMe 4 + OH − + HF → NMe 4 + F − + H 2 O. Solutions of TMAH may be used to make other tetramethylammonium salts in metathesis reactions with ammonium (NH 4 +) salts. For example, tetramethylammonium thiocyanate may be prepared from ammonium thiocyanate as follows: [7]
Substance Formula 0 °C 10 °C 20 °C 30 °C 40 °C 50 °C 60 °C 70 °C 80 °C 90 °C 100 °C Barium acetate: Ba(C 2 H 3 O 2) 2: 58.8: 62: 72: 75: 78.5: 77: 75
Using its low solubility in water, it can also be precipitated from an iodate solution with an ammonium salt. 2 KIO 3 + (NH 4) 2 SO 4 → 2 NH 4 IO 3 + K 2 SO 4. Unlike other iodates, ammonium iodate can't be prepared by dissolving iodine in an ammonium hydroxide solution, instead the highly explosive nitrogen triiodide is formed. 3 I 2 + 5 NH ...
Ammonium sulfate, [NH 4] 2 SO 4, a side-product insoluble in liquid ammonia, is removed by filtration; the liquid ammonia is evaporated to give the desired product. [4] The net reaction is: 2 NO − 2 + 4 SO 2 + 6 H 2 O + 6 NH 3 → 4 SO 2− 4 + 6 [NH 4] + + 2 NH 2 OH. A base then frees the hydroxylamine from the salt: