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The legal definition of "judgment" contemplates decisions made by judges in a court of law. [3] Decisions of quasi-judicial bodies and administrative bodies may also be colloquially referred to as "judgments," but they must be distinguished from true judgments in that they are not made by judges in courts of law. [3]
A per curiam decision is one rendered by the court (or at least, a majority of the court) acting collectively and anonymously. [2] In contrast to regular opinions, a per curiam does not list the individual judge responsible for authoring the decision, [2] but minority dissenting and concurring decisions are signed. [3]
The following landmark court decisions in the United States contains landmark court decisions which changed the interpretation of existing law in the United States. Such a decision may settle the law in more than one way: establishing a significant new legal principle or concept;
United States Courts of Appeals may also make such decisions, particularly if the Supreme Court chooses not to review the case, or adopts the holding of the court below. Although many cases from state supreme courts are significant in developing the law of that state, only a few are so revolutionary that they announce standards that many other ...
An appellate court may also decide on an entirely new and different analysis from that of junior courts, and may or may not be bound by its own previous decisions, or in any case, may distinguish them on the facts. [5] [6] Where there are several members of a court deciding a case, there may be one or more judgments given (or reported).
If a court decides that an opinion should be published, the opinion may be included in a volume from a series of books called law reports ('reporters' in the United States). Published opinions of courts are also collectively referred to as case law, and constitute in the common law legal systems one of the major sources of law. [1]
That is, a U.S. court will say that "we affirm (or reverse)" the lower court's decision, or, "the decision of the [lower court] is hereby affirmed (or reversed)." By saying so, the court does so. In the United Kingdom and many other common law countries, the disposition in a majority opinion is phrased in the future tense as a recommendation.
United States Reports, the official reporter of the Supreme Court of the United States. Case citation is a system used by legal professionals to identify past court case decisions, either in series of books called reporters or law reports, or in a neutral style that identifies a decision regardless of where it is reported.