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In economics, an excess supply, economic surplus [1] market surplus or briefly supply is a situation in which the quantity of a good or service supplied is more than the quantity demanded, [2] and the price is above the equilibrium level determined by supply and demand. That is, the quantity of the product that producers wish to sell exceeds ...
In mainstream economics, economic surplus, also known as total welfare or total social welfare or Marshallian surplus (after Alfred Marshall), is either of two related quantities: Consumer surplus , or consumers' surplus , is the monetary gain obtained by consumers because they are able to purchase a product for a price that is less than the ...
The market must experience a shortage or a surplus to reach this state. A shortage indicates that buyers are interested in purchasing something, but need help to afford to do so at current prices. Conversely, a surplus occurs when there is an excess product beyond the quantity that buyers are willing to purchase at current prices.
Surplus economics is the study of economics based upon the concept that economies operate on the basis of the production of a surplus over basic needs.
Sectoral financial balances in U.S. economy 1990–2012. By definition, the three balances must net to zero. Since 2009, the U.S. capital surplus and private sector surplus have driven a government budget deficit. GDP (Gross Domestic Product) is the value of all goods and services produced within a country during one year.
The producer surplus always decreases, but the consumer surplus may or may not increase; however, the decrease in producer surplus must be greater than the increase, if any, in consumer surplus. Deadweight loss can also be a measure of lost economic efficiency when the socially optimal quantity of a good or a service is not produced.
Surplus may refer to: Economic surplus, one of various supplementary values; Excess supply, a situation in which the quantity of a good or service supplied is more than the quantity demanded, and the price is above the equilibrium level determined by supply and demand; Surplus: Terrorized into Being Consumers, a documentary film
A deficit occurs when the government spends more than it taxes; and a surplus occurs when a government taxes more than it spends. Sectoral balances analysis states that as a matter of accounting, it follows that government budget deficits add net financial assets to the private sector.