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  2. Glomerular filtration rate - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glomerular_filtration_rate

    The normal range of GFR, adjusted for body surface area, is 100–130 average 125 mL/min/1.73m 2 in men and 90–120 ml/min/1.73m 2 in women younger than the age of 40. In children, GFR measured by inulin clearance is 110 mL/min/1.73 m 2 until 2 years of age in both sexes, and then it progressively decreases. After age 40, GFR decreases ...

  3. Tubuloglomerular feedback - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubuloglomerular_feedback

    In response to decreased flow of tubular fluid in the thick ascending limb / decreased salt concentration at the macula densa: Reduced filtration at the glomerulus or increased reabsorption of sodium and water by the Proximal Convoluted Tubule causes fluid in the tubule at the macula densa to have a reduced concentration of sodium chloride.

  4. Macula densa - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macula_densa

    A decrease in afferent arteriole diameter causes a decrease in the GFR (glomerular filtration rate), resulting in a decreased concentration of sodium and chloride ions in the filtrate and/or decreased filtrate flow rate. Reduced blood pressure means decreased venous pressure and, hence, a decreased peritubular capillary pressure.

  5. Nephritic syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephritic_syndrome

    This causes a decrease in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) and, if left untreated over time, will eventually produce uremic symptoms and retention of sodium and water in the body, leading to both edema and hypertension.

  6. Nephrotic syndrome - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephrotic_syndrome

    Secondary causes of nephrotic syndrome have the same histologic patterns as the primary causes, though they may exhibit some differences suggesting a secondary cause, such as inclusion bodies. [24] They are usually described by the underlying cause, such as: [citation needed] Diabetic nephropathy: is a complication that occurs in some diabetics ...

  7. Kidney failure - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kidney_failure

    Causes of acute kidney failure include low blood pressure, blockage of the urinary tract, certain medications, muscle breakdown, and hemolytic uremic syndrome. [6] Causes of chronic kidney failure include diabetes, high blood pressure, nephrotic syndrome, and polycystic kidney disease. [6]

  8. Acute kidney injury - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute_kidney_injury

    Prerenal causes of AKI ("pre-renal azotemia") are those that decrease effective blood flow to the kidney and cause a decrease in the glomerular filtration rate (GFR). Both kidneys need to be affected as one kidney is still more than adequate for normal kidney function.

  9. Intraglomerular mesangial cell - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intraglomerular_mesangial_cell

    This causes a decrease in surface area of the basement membrane and thus a decreased glomerular filtration rate. Intraglomerular mesangial cells synthesize and secrete the extracellular matrix . It contains fibronectin , type IV collagen , perlecan , and laminin .

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