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Depth perception is the ability to perceive distance to objects in the world using the visual system and visual perception. It is a major factor in perceiving the world in three dimensions Depth sensation is the corresponding term for non-human animals, since although it is known that they can sense the distance of an object, it is not known ...
In 1833, an English scientist Charles Wheatstone discovered stereopsis, the component of depth perception that arises due to binocular disparity.Binocular disparity comes from the human eyes having a distance between them: A 3D scene viewed through the left eye creates a slightly different image than the same scene viewed with the right eye, with the head kept in the same position.
An energy model, a kind of stimulus-response model, of binocular neurons allows for investigation behind the computational function these disparity tuned cells play in the creation of depth perception. [1] [13] [14] [15] Energy models of binocular neurons involve the combination of monocular receptive fields that are either shifted in position ...
Depth perception results from many monocular and binocular visual clues. For objects relatively close to the eyes, binocular vision plays an important role in depth perception. Binocular vision allows the brain to create a single Cyclopean image and to attach a depth level to each point in it. [11]
Many animals, along with humans, have two eyes with overlapping visual fields that use parallax to gain depth perception; this process is known as stereopsis. In computer vision the effect is used for computer stereo vision , and there is a device called a parallax rangefinder that uses it to find the range, and in some variations also altitude ...
Retinal disparity is the separation between objects as seen by the left eye and the right eye and helps to provide depth perception. [17] Retinal disparity provides relative depth between two objects, but not exact or absolute depth. The closer objects are to each other, the retinal disparity will be small.
Practical images, for science or design, where depth perception is useful, include the presentation of full scale and microscopic stereographic images. Examples from NASA include Mars rover imaging, and the solar investigation, called STEREO , which uses two orbital vehicles to obtain the 3D images of the sun.
Knowledge of disparity can be used in further extraction of information from stereo images. One case that disparity is most useful is for depth/distance calculation. Disparity and distance from the cameras are inversely related. As the distance from the cameras increases, the disparity decreases. This allows for depth perception in stereo images.