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  2. Correlation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation

    The correlation coefficient is +1 in the case of a perfect direct (increasing) linear relationship (correlation), −1 in the case of a perfect inverse (decreasing) linear relationship (anti-correlation), [5] and some value in the open interval (,) in all other cases, indicating the degree of linear dependence between the variables. As it ...

  3. Correlation coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Correlation_coefficient

    A correlation coefficient is a numerical measure of some type of linear correlation, meaning a statistical relationship between two variables. [a] The variables may be two columns of a given data set of observations, often called a sample, or two components of a multivariate random variable with a known distribution.

  4. Pearson correlation coefficient - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearson_correlation...

    Pearson's correlation coefficient is the covariance of the two variables divided by the product of their standard deviations. The form of the definition involves a "product moment", that is, the mean (the first moment about the origin) of the product of the mean-adjusted random variables; hence the modifier product-moment in the name.

  5. Relation (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relation_(mathematics)

    In mathematics, a relation denotes some kind of relationship between two objects in a set, which may or may not hold. [1] As an example, " is less than " is a relation on the set of natural numbers ; it holds, for instance, between the values 1 and 3 (denoted as 1 < 3 ), and likewise between 3 and 4 (denoted as 3 < 4 ), but not between the ...

  6. Biostatistics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biostatistics

    It assumes some degree of association between the treatment and the outcome. Although, the hypothesis is sustained by question research and its expected and unexpected answers. [4] As an example, consider groups of similar animals (mice, for example) under two different diet systems. The research question would be: what is the best diet?

  7. Phylogenetic comparative methods - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetic_comparative...

    Phylogenetic comparative methods (PCMs) use information on the historical relationships of lineages (phylogenies) to test evolutionary hypotheses.The comparative method has a long history in evolutionary biology; indeed, Charles Darwin used differences and similarities between species as a major source of evidence in The Origin of Species.

  8. Coefficient of relationship - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coefficient_of_relationship

    The coefficient of relationship is a measure of the degree of consanguinity (or biological relationship) between two individuals. The term coefficient of relationship was defined by Sewall Wright in 1922, and was derived from his definition of the coefficient of inbreeding of 1921. The measure is most commonly used in genetics and genealogy.

  9. Bijection - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijection

    If X and Y are finite sets, then there exists a bijection between the two sets X and Y if and only if X and Y have the same number of elements. Indeed, in axiomatic set theory , this is taken as the definition of "same number of elements" ( equinumerosity ), and generalising this definition to infinite sets leads to the concept of cardinal ...