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Helium–silver (HeAg) metal-vapor laser [3] 224.3 nm Scientific research Strontium vapor laser: 430.5 nm Scientific research Neon–copper (NeCu) metal-vapor laser [3] 248.6 nm Electrical discharge in metal vapor mixed with neon buffer gas. Scientific research: Raman and fluorescence spectroscopy [4] [5] Copper vapor laser: 510.6 nm, 578.2 nm ...
A laser warning symbol. Laser radiation safety is the safe design, use and implementation of lasers to minimize the risk of laser accidents, especially those involving eye injuries. Since even relatively small amounts of laser light can lead to permanent eye injuries, the sale and usage of lasers is typically subject to government regulations.
Red (635 nm), blueish violet (445 nm), and green (520 nm) laser pointers. A laser pointer or laser pen is a (typically battery-powered) handheld device that uses a laser diode to emit a narrow low-power visible laser beam (i.e. coherent light) to highlight something of interest with a small bright colored spot.
Semi-conductor lasers (Bottom to Top: 660 nm, 635 nm, 532 nm, 520 nm, 445 nm, 405 nm) A laser diode is electrically a PIN diode.The active region of the laser diode is in the intrinsic (I) region, and the carriers (electrons and holes) are pumped into that region from the N and P regions respectively.
Laser linewidth from high-power, high-gain pulsed-lasers, in the absence of intracavity line narrowing optics, can be quite broad and in the case of powerful broadband dye lasers it can range from a few nm wide [28] to as broad as 10 nm. [24] Laser linewidth from high-power high-gain pulsed laser oscillators, comprising line narrowing optics ...
Commonly used excimer molecules include ArF (emission at 193 nm), KrCl (222 nm), KrF (248 nm), XeCl (308 nm), and XeF (351 nm). [ 69 ] [ page needed ] The molecular fluorine laser, emitting at 157 nm in the vacuum ultraviolet, is sometimes referred to as an excimer laser; however, this appears to be a misnomer since F 2 is a stable compound.
The Nd:YAG laser is the most common laser used in laser designators and laser rangefinders. During the Iran–Iraq War, Iranian soldiers suffered more than 4000 cases of laser eye injury, caused by a variety of Iraqi sources including tank rangefinders. The 1064 nm wavelength of Nd:YAG is thought to be particularly dangerous, as it is invisible ...
A Ti:sapphire laser is usually pumped with another laser with a wavelength of 514 to 532 nm, for which argon-ion lasers (514.5 nm) and frequency-doubled Nd:YAG, Nd:YLF, and Nd:YVO lasers (527–532 nm) are used. They are capable of laser operation from 670 nm to 1,100 nm wavelength. [2] Ti:sapphire lasers operate most efficiently at wavelengths ...