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The most common cause of osteomalacia is a deficiency of vitamin D, which is normally derived from sunlight exposure and, to a lesser extent, from the diet. [10] The most specific screening test for vitamin D deficiency in otherwise healthy individuals is a serum 25(OH)D level. [11]
Vitamin D deficiency can be a differential diagnosis for costochondritis as it may cause chest pain. [6] Chest pain has also been reported following the use of cocaine, which can increase the risk of various cardiovascular conditions. [23]
Mapping of several bone diseases onto levels of vitamin D (calcidiol) in the blood [6] Normal bone vs. osteoporosis. Vitamin D deficiency is typically diagnosed by measuring the concentration of the 25-hydroxyvitamin D in the blood, which is the most accurate measure of stores of vitamin D in the body.
Signs of vitamin D deficiency. Fatigue. Mood changes. Muscle pain and weakness. Reduced immune function. Increased inflammation. Frequent infections. Rickets (in children)
Signs of a vitamin D deficiency. Infants and children with severe vitamin D deficiency are at risk for a condition called Rickets, says Prest. “This is where the arms and legs can become bowed ...
Asian immigrants living in Europe have an increased risk for vitamin D deficiency. Vitamin D insufficiency was found in 40% of non-Western immigrants in the Netherlands, and in more than 80% of Turkish and Moroccan immigrants. The Middle East, despite high rates of sun-exposure, has the highest rates of rickets worldwide. [42]
Heeney says there also is some research from a 2018 study that links a lack of vitamin D with RLS. "Treating vitamin D deficiency may result in improvement of RLS symptoms, but more research is ...
This condition can be caused by vitamin D, calcium or phosphorus deficiency. [69] Vitamin D deficiency remains the main cause of rickets among young infants in most countries because breast milk is low in vitamin D, and darker skin, social customs, and climatic conditions can contribute to inadequate sun exposure.