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A hand axe (or handaxe or Acheulean hand axe) is a prehistoric stone tool with two faces that is the longest-used tool in human history. [1] It is made from stone, usually flint or chert that has been "reduced" and shaped from a larger piece by knapping , or hitting against another stone.
The Langdale axe industry (or factory) is the name given by archaeologists to a Neolithic centre of specialised stone tool production in the Great Langdale area of the English Lake District. [1] The existence of the site, which dates from around 4,000–3,500 BC, [ 2 ] was suggested by chance discoveries in the 1930s.
During the prehistoric times, the flint axe was a widely used tool for multiple different tasks. They were widely used during the Neolithic period to clear forests for early farming. The polished axes were used directly to cut timber across the grain, but some types (known as a Splitting maul ) were designed to split wood along the grain.
This was struck from the lateral edge of the hand-axe close to the intended cutting area, resulting in the removal of a flake running along (parallel to) the blade of the axe to create a neat and very sharp working edge. This distinctive tranchet flake can be identified amongst flint-knapping debris at Acheulean sites. [citation needed]
A tomahawk is a type of single-handed axe used by the many Indigenous peoples and nations of North America. It traditionally resembles a hatchet with a straight shaft. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] In pre-colonial times the head was made of stone, bone, or antler, and European settlers later introduced heads of iron and steel.
Polished Neolithic jadeitite axe from the Museum of Toulouse Axe heads found at a 2700 BC Neolithic manufacture site in Switzerland, arranged in the various stages of production from left to right. In prehistoric Japan, ground stone tools appear during the Japanese Paleolithic period, that lasted from around 40,000 BC to 14,000 BC. [24]
Axe from Havering hoard 1 The Havering hoard is a hoard of 453 late Bronze-age (900 to 800 BCE) artefacts found at a site overlooking the River Thames in Rainham, London , in 2018. It is the largest bronze-age hoard to be found in London and the third-largest in the United Kingdom.
The Greeks and Romans, at least from the Hellenistic period onward, used Neolithic stone axeheads for the apotropaic protection of buildings. [6] A 1985 survey of the use of prehistoric axes in Romano-British contexts found forty examples, of which twenty-nine were associated with buildings including villas, military structures such as barracks, temples, and kilns.
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