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Internal erosion is the formation of voids within a soil caused by the removal of material by seepage. [1] It is the second most common cause of failure in levees and one of the leading causes of failures in earth dams, [2] responsible for about half of embankment dam failures.
Seep is often used in environmental sciences to define an exfiltration zone (seepage zone) where contaminated water, e.g., from waste dumps, leaves a waste system area. Seeps are often important smaller wildlife water sources, and indicated by lower riparian vegetation.
Much of the petroleum discovered in California during the 19th century was from observations of seeps. [32] The world's largest natural oil seepage is Coal Oil Point in the Santa Barbara Channel, California. [33] Three of the better known tar seep locations in California are McKittrick Tar Pits, [34] Carpinteria Tar Pits and the La Brea Tar ...
The Coal Oil Point seep field (COP) in the Santa Barbara Channel offshore from Goleta, California, is a marine petroleum seep area of about three square kilometres, within the Offshore South Ellwood Oil Field and stretching from the coastline southward more than three kilometers (1.9 mi). Major seeps are located in water depths from 20 to 80 ...
Typically, porous soils are removed before compacted clay is applied to the bed and sides of a canal. [3] Another simple method of canal lining with soils entails applying a layer of compacted silt on top of the subgrade of the canal. [3] The use of soils as canal linings is efficient for controlling seepage, but not effective against weed ...
Soil deposits are affected by the mechanism of transport and deposition to their location. Soils that are not transported are called residual soils—they exist at the same location as the rock from which they were generated. Decomposed granite is a common example of a residual soil. The common mechanisms of transport are the actions of gravity ...
Simplified fault map of southern California The faults of Southern California viewed to the southeast, as modeled by the Southern California Earthquake Center. Highlighted in purple are the San Andreas Fault (left) and Santa Monica Bay complex (right). The foreground is in the Santa Barbara Channel, the east-trending zone marks the Transverse Range
Dispersion is a process that occurs in soils that are particularly vulnerable to erosion by water. In soil layers where clays are saturated with sodium ions ("sodic soils"), soil can break down very easily into fine particles and wash away. This can lead to a variety of soil and water quality problems, including: