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Colombia, [b] officially the Republic of Colombia, [c] is a country primarily located in South America with insular regions in North America.The Colombian mainland is bordered by the Caribbean Sea to the north, Venezuela to the east and northeast, Brazil to the southeast, Ecuador and Peru to the south and southwest, the Pacific Ocean to the west, and Panama to the northwest.
A number of places, mostly in the Western Hemisphere, have been named after the Genoese explorer Christopher Columbus, who was the first European to make the New World widely known to Europeans. Countries
First city founded by Europeans, although not continuously inhabited, in Puerto Rico. Abandoned in 1521 with the removal of the capital to San Juan. 1510 Santa Maria la Antigua del Darien: Urabá: Colombia First city founded by Europeans on the continent of South America. 1510 Nombre de Dios: Colon: Panama
Colombia maintained a tradition of civilian government and regular, free elections. The military has seized power three times in Colombia's history: in 1830, after the dissolution of Great Colombia; again in 1854 (by General José María Melo); and from 1953 to 1957 (under General Gustavo Rojas Pinilla). Civilian rule was restored within one ...
Bolivar is often referred to as "El Libertador" (The liberator), and a number of places bear this title in his honour. In the southern part of South America "El Libertador" may refer to José de San Martín. A number of Venezuelan municipalities are named Libertador Municipality: see Libertador Municipality (disambiguation) Puerto Libertador ...
Map of Colombia Bogotá, Capital of Colombia Medellín Cali Barranquilla Cartagena Cúcuta Santa Marta. This article lists cities and towns in Colombia by population, according to the 2005 census. A city is displayed in bold if it is a capital city of a department.
On July 29, 1525, the city of Santa Marta was founded in the northern coast of Colombia by the Spanish conqueror Rodrigo de Bastidas. In April 1536 the Spanish conquistador Gonzalo Jiménez de Quesada led the main expedition into the heart of the Andes, where the Muisca Confederation was located, with around 800 Spanish soldiers and 85 horses.
The present city—named after Cartagena, Spain and by extension, the historic city of Carthage—was founded on 1 June 1533, making it one of South America’s oldest colonial cities; [8] but settlement by various indigenous people in the region around Cartagena Bay dates from 4000 BC.