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A structural load or structural action is a mechanical load (more generally a force) applied to structural elements. [1] [2] A load causes stress, deformation, displacement or acceleration in a structure. Structural analysis, a discipline in engineering, analyzes the effects of loads on structures and structural elements.
BS 4994:1987 – Specification for design and construction of vessels and tanks in reinforced plastics. British Standards. 1987-06-30. ISBN 0-580-15075-5. "Pressure Vessel Design Case Study". ESR Technology. Archived from the original on 2007-05-12. — a case study of the design process of a cylindrical vessel, using the BS 4994 methodology
In the Eurocode series of European standards (EN) related to construction, Eurocode 1: Actions on structures (abbreviated EN 1991 or, informally, EC 1) describes how to design load-bearing structures. It includes characteristic values for various types of loads and densities for all materials which are likely to be used in construction.
BS 0 A standard for standards specifies Development, Structure and Drafting of British Standards themselves. BS 1 Lists of Rolled Sections for Structural Purposes; BS 2 Specification and Sections of Tramway Rails and Fishplates; BS 3 Report on Influence of Gauge Length and Section of Test Bar on the Percentage of Elongation
BS 5400 was a British Standard code of practice for the design and construction of steel, concrete and composite bridges. It was applicable to highway, railway and pedestrian bridges. It was applicable to highway, railway and pedestrian bridges.
EN 13445 was introduced in 2002 as a replacement for national pressure vessel design and construction codes and standards in the European Union and is harmonized [1] with the Pressure Equipment Directive (2014/68/EU or "PED"). New updated versions of all parts were published between 2009 and 2012.
The Eurocodes therefore replace the existing national building codes published by national standard bodies (e.g. BS 5950), although many countries had a period of co-existence. [3] Additionally, each country is expected to issue a National Annex to the Eurocodes which will need referencing for a particular country (e.g.
is the average tension measured in the cross section which correspond to the beam's Euler load w o , 1 {\displaystyle w_{o,1}} the amplitude of the initial geometrical imperfection c {\displaystyle c} distance from the cross section's centroid to the section's most stressed fiber