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  2. Internet checksum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet_checksum

    The Internet checksum, [1] [2] also called the IPv4 header checksum is a checksum used in version 4 of the Internet Protocol (IPv4) to detect corruption in the header of IPv4 packets. It is carried in the IPv4 packet header , and represents the 16-bit result of the summation of the header words.

  3. Checksum - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Checksum

    A checksum is a small-sized block of data derived from another block of digital data for the purpose of detecting errors that may have been introduced during its transmission or storage. By themselves, checksums are often used to verify data integrity but are not relied upon to verify data authenticity .

  4. Error detection and correction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Error_detection_and_correction

    A checksum of a message is a modular arithmetic sum of message code words of a fixed word length (e.g., byte values). The sum may be negated by means of a ones'-complement operation prior to transmission to detect unintentional all-zero messages. Checksum schemes include parity bits, check digits, and longitudinal redundancy checks.

  5. List of hash functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_hash_functions

    BSD checksum (Unix) 16 bits sum with circular rotation SYSV checksum (Unix) 16 bits sum with circular rotation sum8 8 bits sum Internet Checksum: 16 bits sum (ones' complement) sum24 24 bits sum sum32 32 bits sum fletcher-4: 4 bits sum fletcher-8: 8 bits sum fletcher-16: 16 bits sum fletcher-32: 32 bits sum Adler-32: 32 bits sum xor8: 8 bits ...

  6. Transmission Control Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmission_Control_Protocol

    The checksum computation needs to ensure the 16-bit alignment of the data being summed. If a segment contains an odd number of header and text octets, alignment can be achieved by padding the last octet with zeros on its right to form a 16-bit word for checksum purposes. The pad is not transmitted as part of the segment.

  7. How Did Tamales Become a Christmas Tradition? - AOL

    www.aol.com/did-tamales-become-christmas...

    It’s tamale time. This Mexican comfort food has a long history and is an essential part of every major holiday, particularly Christmas. It’s also the perfect portable snack for holiday travelers.

  8. Datagram Congestion Control Protocol - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Datagram_Congestion...

    Checksum: 16 bits The Internet checksum of the packet's DCCP header (including options), a network-layer pseudoheader, and, depending on Checksum Coverage, all, some, or none of the application data. Reserved (Res): 3 bits; Res == 0 Senders MUST set this field to all zeroes on generated packets, and receivers MUST ignore its value. Type: 4 bits

  9. Mortgage and refinance rates for Jan. 10, 2025: Average ... - AOL

    www.aol.com/finance/mortgage-and-refinance-rates...

    Economists are keeping a close eye on inflation and labor reports amid speculation as to timing of future cuts to the Fed rate, with inflation data indicating a continued decline from a peak of 9. ...