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The Russian Empire [e] [f] was an empire that spanned most of northern Eurasia from its proclamation in November 1721 until the proclamation of the Russian Republic in September 1917. At its height in the late 19th century, it covered about 22,800,000 km 2 (8,800,000 sq mi), roughly one-sixth of the world's landmass, making it the third-largest ...
The Russian Empire also acquired the island of Sakhalin which was turned into one of history's largest prison colonies. [45] [46] Initially, Russian maritime incursions into the waters surrounding Hokkaido began in the late eighteenth century, spurring Japan to map and explore its northern island surroundings.
The State Bank of the Russian Empire had to print 1.5 billion rubles in the first months of the conflict, and by December 1915, the ruble had already lost 20% of its value. [55] Russia had to borrow from its allies: in October 1915, it received 500 million rubles from the French and 3 billion from the British.
The Russian Empire had been in a mixed situation in the early stages of the war. While losing to the German Empire they had some victories against the Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires. However, by 1917 Russia was on its back foot with Germany and Austria having lost Poland, Lithuania and parts of West Belarus. Even with the entry of Romania ...
In 1860, to revive trade turnover and strengthen the monetary credit system of Russia, the State Bank of the Russian Empire was created, which was assigned the role of the main credit institution and the state-controlled source of covering the budget deficit. With the creation of the State Bank, the government was able to borrow the money he ...
Territories conquered by the Russian Empire in the wars against Sweden, Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth, Ottoman Empire and Persia. Geographical expansion by warfare and treaty was the central strategy of Russian foreign policy from the small Muscovite state of the 16th century to World War I in 1914. [2]
The Russian Civil War (Russian: Гражданская война в России, romanized: Grazhdanskaya voyna v Rossii) was a multi-party civil war in the former Russian Empire sparked by the overthrowing of the liberal-democratic Russian Provisional Government in the October Revolution, as many factions vied to determine Russia's political future.
The government reforms imposed by Tsar Alexander II of Russia, often called the Great Reforms (Russian: Великие реформы, romanized: Velikie reformy) by historians, were a series of major social, political, legal and governmental reforms in the Russian Empire carried out in the 1860s.