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The Atakapa language was a language isolate, once spoken along the Louisiana and East Texas coast and believed extinct since the mid-20th century. [9] John R. Swanton in 1919 proposed a Tunican language family that would include Atakapa, Tunica, and Chitimacha.
The Atakapa origin story, which they shared with neighboring tribes, describes two forbidden lovers from different tribes, one an elite woman and the other a warrior. The women's father did not approve and followed them to swamplands where they met and killed the warrior.
Sibley also reported that they had their own language "peculiar to themselves" and used sign language to communicate with other Indians (also reported for other peoples in eastern Texas). He did not connect them with the Atakapa. Only two Akokisa words have been found in Spanish records: Yegsa meaning "Spaniard(s)" and Quiselpoo, a female name.
Atakapa (/ ə ˈ t æ k ə p ə,-p ɑː /, [1] [2] natively Ishakkoy [3]) is an extinct language isolate native to southwestern Louisiana and nearby coastal eastern Texas. It was spoken by the Atakapa people (also known as Ishak , after their word for "the people").
They settled in these areas by the early 19th century. Some of the Coushatta and Alabama people were removed west to Indian Territory (now Oklahoma) in the 1830s under Indian Removal, together with other Muscogee peoples. Today, Coushatta people are enrolled in three federally recognized tribes: Alabama-Quassarte Tribal Town in Wetumka, Oklahoma
The Atakapa Ishak Nation is an unrecognized organization. Despite using the word nation in its name, the group is neither a federally recognized tribe [ 4 ] nor a state-recognized tribe . [ 5 ] Louisiana has 11 state-recognized tribes [ 5 ] but rejected the Atakapa Ishak Nation's application for state recognition.
The Tonkawa are a Native American tribe from Oklahoma and Texas. [2] Their Tonkawa language, now extinct, [4] is a linguistic isolate. [5] Today, Tonkawa people are enrolled in the federally recognized Tonkawa Tribe of Indians of Oklahoma, headquartered in Tonkawa, Oklahoma. [6]
The Texas–Indian wars were a series of conflicts between settlers in Texas and the Southern Plains Indians during the 19th-century. Conflict between the Plains Indians and the Spanish began before other European and Anglo-American settlers were encouraged—first by Spain and then by the newly Independent Mexican government—to colonize Texas in order to provide a protective-settlement ...