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A balanced salt solution (BSS) is a solution made to a physiological pH and isotonic salt concentration. Solutions most commonly include sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and chloride. [1] Balanced salt solutions are used for washing tissues and cells and are usually combined with other agents to treat the tissues and cells.
Saline (also known as saline solution) is a mixture of sodium chloride (salt) and water. [1] It has a number of uses in medicine including cleaning wounds, removal and storage of contact lenses, and help with dry eyes. [2] By injection into a vein, it is used to treat hypovolemia such as that from gastroenteritis and diabetic ketoacidosis.
Ringer's saline solution was invented in the early 1880s by Sydney Ringer, [4] a British physician and physiologist. Ringer was studying the beating of an isolated frog heart outside of the body. He hoped to identify the substances in blood that would allow the isolated heart to beat normally for a time. [19]
Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) is a buffer solution (pH ~ 7.4) commonly used in biological research. It is a water-based salt solution containing disodium hydrogen phosphate , sodium chloride and, in some formulations, potassium chloride and potassium dihydrogen phosphate .
Salt rinse is a saline solution mouthwash used in dentistry to treat certain diseases and reduce post-operative pain and infection. It is also offered commercially for routine oral hygiene. [1] Other names for the treatment include salt water mouthwash, [2] salt water mouth bath, [3] and saline mouth rinse. [4]
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Saline laxatives may alter a patient's fluid and electrolyte balance. Properties. Site of action: small and large intestines; Onset of action: 0.5–3 hours (oral), 2–15 minutes (rectal) Examples: sodium phosphate (and variants), magnesium citrate, magnesium hydroxide (milk of magnesia), and magnesium sulfate (Epsom salt) [3]
Oral rehydration therapy (ORT) is a type of fluid replacement used to prevent and treat dehydration, especially due to diarrhea. [1] It involves drinking water with modest amounts of sugar and salts, specifically sodium and potassium. [1]