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While French settlers had lived and traded alongside Indigenous people since the earliest days of New France, coureurs des bois reached their apex during the second half of the 17th century. After 1681, the independent coureur des bois was gradually replaced by state-sponsored voyageurs, who were workers associated with licensed fur traders ...
Jacques Le Tort (c. 1651 – c. 1702) was a French-Canadian fur trapper, trader, explorer and entrepreneur who spent much of his life in the Province of Pennsylvania engaged in the fur trade. He collaborated with other French-Canadians living there at the time, including Peter Bisaillon and Martin Chartier , as well as the future mayor of ...
Toussaint Charbonneau (March 20, 1767 – August 12, 1843) was a French Canadian explorer, fur trapper and merchant who is best known for his role in the Lewis and Clark Expedition as the husband of Sacagawea.
The vast wealth in the fur trade created enforcement problems for the monopoly. Unlicensed independent traders, known as coureurs des bois (or "runners of the woods"), began to do business in the late 17th and early 18th century. Over time, many Métis were drawn to the independent trade; they were the descendants of French trappers and native ...
René-Robert Cavelier, Sieur de La Salle (/ l ə ˈ s æ l /; November 22, 1643 – March 19, 1687), was a 17th-century French explorer and fur trader in North America. He explored the Great Lakes region of the United States and Canada, and the Mississippi River.
Pierre-Esprit Radisson (1636/1640–1710) was a French coureur des bois and explorer in New France.He is often linked to his brother-in-law Médard des Groseilliers.The decision of Radisson and Groseilliers to enter the English service led to the formation of the Hudson's Bay Company.
Much of the fur trade in North America during the 17th and 18th centuries was dominated by the Canadian fur shipping network that developed in New France under the fur monopoly held first by the Company of One Hundred Associates, then followed in 1664 by the French West India Company, [23] steadily expanding fur trapping and shipping across a ...
By the late 17th century, a trade route through and beyond the Great Lakes had been opened. [12] The Hudson's Bay Company opened in 1670. [12] The North West Company opened in 1784, exploring as far west and north as Lake Athabasca. [12] The American Fur Company, owned and operated by John Jacob Astor, was founded in 1808. By 1830, the American ...