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Levothyroxine is typically used to treat hypothyroidism, [12] and is the treatment of choice for people with hypothyroidism [13] who often require lifelong thyroid hormone therapy. [ 14 ] It may also be used to treat goiter via its ability to lower thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), which is considered goiter-inducing.
In people with central/secondary hypothyroidism, TSH is not a reliable marker of hormone replacement and decisions are based mainly on the free T 4 level. [8] [10] Levothyroxine is best taken 30–60 minutes before breakfast, or four hours after food, [8] as certain substances such as food and calcium can inhibit the absorption of levothyroxine ...
The thyroid hormones have a wide range of effects on the human body. These include: Metabolic. The thyroid hormones increase the basal metabolic rate and have effects on almost all body tissues. [26] Appetite, the absorption of substances, and gut motility are all influenced by thyroid hormones. [27]
Thyroid hormones act on nearly every cell in the body. They act to increase the basal metabolic rate, affect protein synthesis, help regulate long bone growth (synergy with growth hormone) and neural maturation, and increase the body's sensitivity to catecholamines (such as adrenaline) by permissiveness. [12]
Levothyroxine (Eltroxin, Levoxyl, Synthroid): "Grapefruit juice may slightly delay the absorption of levothyroxine, but it seems to have only a minor effect on its bioavailability." [clarification needed] [78] Losartan (Cozaar) [61] Methadone: Inhibits the metabolism of methadone and raises serum levels. [79] Omeprazole (Losec, Prilosec) [80]
Oxalates bind to calcium, magnesium and iron, preventing their absorption in the human body. [6] Glucosinolates prevent the uptake of iodine, affecting the function of the thyroid and thus are considered goitrogens. They are found in plants such as broccoli, Brussels sprouts, cabbage, mustard greens, radishes, and cauliflower. [6]
The Grapefruit-drug interaction article lists Levothyroxine as one of the drugs whose absorption is affected by grapefruit, but the only readily available research online, which is the one cited, ([1]), concluded that "Grapefruit juice may slightly delay the absorption of levothyroxine, but it seems to have only a minor effect on its ...
Thyroxine, also known as T 4, is a hormone produced by the thyroid gland.It is the primary form of thyroid hormone found in the blood and acts as a prohormone of the more active thyroid hormone, triiodothyronine (T 3). [1]