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Pulsed operation of lasers refers to any laser not classified as continuous wave, so that the optical power appears in pulses of some duration at some repetition rate. [1] This encompasses a wide range of technologies addressing a number of different motivations. Some lasers are pulsed simply because they cannot be run in continuous mode.
Mode locking is a technique in optics by which a laser can be made to produce pulses of light of extremely short duration, on the order of picoseconds (10 −12 s) or femtoseconds (10 −15 s). A laser operated in this way is sometimes referred to as a femtosecond laser, for example, in modern refractive surgery.
Retrieval of the pulse from its FROG trace is accomplished by using a two-dimensional phase-retrieval algorithm. FROG is currently the standard technique for measuring ultrashort laser pulses replacing an older method called autocorrelation, which only gave a rough estimate for the pulse length. FROG is simply a spectrally resolved ...
Q-switching, sometimes known as giant pulse formation or Q-spoiling, [1] is a technique by which a laser can be made to produce a pulsed output beam. The technique allows the production of light pulses with extremely high peak power, much higher than would be produced by the same laser if it were operating in a continuous wave (constant output) mode.
The laser pulse duration cannot be easily measured by optoelectronic methods, since the response time of photodiodes and oscilloscopes are at best of the order of 200 femtoseconds, yet laser pulses can be made as short as a few femtoseconds.
After going through the grating pair, the laser pulse becomes positively chirped, that is, the high-frequency component lags behind the low-frequency component, and has longer pulse duration than the original by a factor of 1000 to 100 000.
In optics, femtosecond pulse shaping refers to manipulations with temporal profile of an ultrashort laser pulse. Pulse shaping can be used to shorten/elongate the duration of optical pulse, or to generate complex pulses.
The attosecond pulse duration is 350 as, with central wavelength at the 33 harmonics of an 800 nm laser. The 800 nm pulse, which has the role of streaking up and down the photoelectron trace, has a duration of 7 fs with a peak intensity of 5 TW/cm 2 .
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