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A plane joint (arthrodial joint, gliding joint, plane articulation) is a synovial joint which, under physiological conditions, allows only gliding movement. Plane joints permit sliding movements in the plane of articular surfaces. The opposed surfaces of the bones are flat or almost flat, with movement limited by their tight joint capsules.
This biological concept encompasses movement at various levels, from whole organisms to cells and subcellular components. Motility is observed in animals, microorganisms, and even some plant structures, playing crucial roles in activities such as foraging, reproduction, and cellular functions.
Gliding motility is a type of translocation used by microorganisms that is independent of propulsive structures such as flagella, pili, and fimbriae. [1] Gliding allows microorganisms to travel along the surface of low aqueous films. The mechanisms of this motility are only partially known.
A multiaxial joint, such as the hip joint, allows for three types of movement: anterior-posterior, medial-lateral, and rotational. A multiaxial joint (polyaxial joint or triaxial joint) is a synovial joint that allows for several directions of movement. [9] In the human body, the shoulder and hip joints are multiaxial joints. [10]
Joint angles: Walking can also be quantified through the analysis of joint angles. [10] [11] [12] During legged locomotion, an animal flexes and extends its joints in an oscillatory manner, creating a joint angle pattern that repeats across steps. The following are some useful joint angle analyses for characterizing walking:
A couple stands in front of The Carter Presidential Center's sign, after the death of former U.S. President Jimmy Carter at the age of 100, in Atlanta, Georgia on December 29, 2024.
Another resident, Edvard Jensen, was more dismissive, telling DR that he didn’t believe Trump would invade Greenland. “He just wants the attention, and now he has it.”
The joint allows inversion and eversion of the foot, but plays minimal role in dorsiflexion or plantarflexion of the foot. [5] The centre of rotation of the subtalar joint is thought to be in the region of the middle facet. [3] It is considered a plane synovial joint, also commonly referred to as a gliding joint. [6]