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The United States consul general reported that three-quarters of the Panamanians wanted independence from Colombia and would revolt if they could get arms and be sure of freedom from United States intervention. Panama was drawn into Colombia's Thousand Days' War (1899–1902) by rebellious radical Liberals who had taken refuge in Nicaragua ...
In 1903, the United States and Colombia signed the Hay–Herrán Treaty to finalize the construction of the Panama Canal but the process [clarification needed] could not be completed because the Congress of Colombia rejected the measure (which the Colombian government had proposed) on August 12, 1903.
A religious conflict sparked a civil war. During this war, in November 1840, the isthmus led by General Tomás de Herrera, who assumed the title Superior Civil Chief, declared its independence as did multiple other local authorities. The State of Panama took in March 1841 the name of 'Estado Libre del Istmo', or the Free State of the Isthmus.
The route became known as the Camino Real de Portobelo, or Royal Road of Portobelo, although it was more commonly known as Camino Real de Cruces (Royal Road of the Crosses) because the road led to the TOWN of Venta Cruces located on the Rio Chagres. Panama was part of the Spanish empire for nearly 300 years, from 1538 to 1821.
After Gran Colombia dissolved in 1831, Panama and Nueva Granada eventually became the Republic of Colombia. With the backing of the United States, Panama seceded from Colombia in 1903, allowing the construction of the Panama Canal to be completed by the United States Army Corps of Engineers between 1904 and 1914.
Panama State (1865 map by Agostino Codazzi). The Panama State, officially known as the Federal State of Panama [1] from 1855 to 1863, and as the Sovereign State of Panama [2] from 1863 until 1886 when it was dissolved, [3] was established as one of the states of the Republic of Gran Colombia established in 1821 after independence from the Spanish Empire and was later part of the Republic of ...
Panama remained as a province of Colombia until this year, when – with backing from the United States in exchange for allowing the US to build the Panama Canal – it became independent (Separation of Panama from Colombia) 22 January: The United States and the Republic of Colombia sign the Hay–Herrán Treaty: 26 October
The Department of the Isthmus (Spanish: Departamento del Istmo, also known as the Isthmus Department or Department of Panama) was one of the departments of the Republic of Gran Colombia. It was created in 1824 and named after the Isthmus of Panama .