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  2. Columnar jointing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columnar_jointing

    Columnar jointing is a geological structure where sets of intersecting closely spaced fractures, referred to as joints, result in the formation of a regular array of polygonal prisms (basalt prisms), or columns. Columnar jointing occurs in many types of igneous rocks and forms as the rock cools and contracts.

  3. List of places with columnar jointed volcanics - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_places_with...

    Basalt columns seen on Porto Santo Island, Portugal. Columnar jointing of volcanic rocks exists in many places on Earth. Perhaps the most famous basalt lava flow in the world is the Giant's Causeway in Northern Ireland, in which the vertical joints form polygonal columns and give the impression of having been artificially constructed.

  4. Joint (geology) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint_(geology)

    Cooling joints are columnar joints that result from the cooling of either lava from the exposed surface of a lava lake or flood basalt flow or the sides of a tabular igneous, typically basaltic, intrusion. They exhibit a pattern of joints that join together at triple junctions either at or about 120° angles.

  5. Flood basalt - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood_basalt

    Flood basalt commonly displays columnar jointing, formed as the rock cooled and contracted after solidifying from the lava.The rock fractures into columns, typically with five to six sides, parallel to the direction of heat flow out of the rock.

  6. Strand Fiord Formation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strand_Fiord_Formation

    The Strand Fiord Formation contains columnar jointing units that are usually 1 to 3 m (3 to 10 ft) in diameter. The formation is interpreted to represent the cratonward extension of the Alpha Ridge, a volcanic ridge that was active during the formation of the Amerasia Basin. [2]

  7. Vulcan (inactive volcano) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcan_(inactive_volcano)

    A solidified lava pond that consists of a massive gray basalt with weakly developed columnar jointing occupies the crater of Vulcan. Radial, sinuous lava tubes 8 to 20 inches (200 to 510 mm) across and 300 feet (91 m) long are preserved on the northeast and northwest flanks of Vulcan.

  8. Edziza Formation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edziza_Formation

    Triangle Dome displays a pattern of columnar cooling joints that indicates it was formed by volcanic activity in a subglacial environment. [32] A 24-metre-thick (79-foot) trachyte flow that may have issued during an early, fluid phase of the Glacier Dome eruption is exposed for 2 kilometres (1.2 miles) north of Pyramid Creek; its distal end ...

  9. List of tectonic plate interactions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_tectonic_plate...

    The descending end of the oceanic plate melts and creates pressure in the mantle, causing volcanoes to form. Back-arc basins can form from extension in the overriding plate, in response to the displacement of the subducting slab at some oceanic trenches. This paradoxically results in divergence which was only incorporated in the theory of plate ...