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An artificial heart valve is a one-way valve implanted into a person's heart to replace a heart valve that is not functioning properly (valvular heart disease).Artificial heart valves can be separated into three broad classes: mechanical heart valves, bioprosthetic tissue valves and engineered tissue valves.
The cumulative rate of prosthetic valve endocarditis is 1.5 to 3.0% at one year following valve replacement and 3 to 6% at five years, the risk being the greatest during the first six months after valve replacement. Prosthetic valve endocarditis arising within two months of valve surgery is generally the result of intra-operative contamination ...
Prosthetic heart valves, including the Hancock Aortic Tissue Valve, are not without drawbacks. Structural degradation is a risk, potentially necessitating reoperation. [13] [3] Studies have indicated the need for ongoing research and improvement in bioprosthetic valve technology to address such concerns [13]
Bioprosthetic valves are made from animal tissues. Most people with bioprosthetic valves don’t need to take anticoagulants long term. However, bioprosthetic valves may only last 10–15 years. [13] They tend to deteriorate more quickly in younger patients. [13] Valve failure prevalence at 10 years is 30%, increasing to 35–65% at 15 years. [16]
The major advantage of stentless valves is that they limit patient–prosthesis mismatch (when the area of the prosthetic valve is too small in relation to the size of the patient, increasing the pressure inside the valve [23]) and can be helpful when dealing with small aortic root. However, stentless valves take more time than stented valves ...
Valve replacement surgery is the replacement of one or more of the heart valves with either an artificial heart valve or a bioprosthesis (homograft from human tissue or xenograft e.g. from pig). It is an alternative to valve repair .
Tissue engineered heart valves (TEHV) offer a new and advancing proposed treatment of creating a living heart valve for people who are in need of either a full or partial heart valve replacement. Currently, there are over a quarter of a million prosthetic heart valves implanted annually, [ 1 ] and the number of patients requiring replacement ...
Valve sparing aortic root replacement (VSARR) is an alternative procedure to the composite aortic valve graft (CAGVR, Bentall procedure). A notable benefit of VSARR is the reduced need for anticoagulation, as the patient's own aortic valve is spared and does not need to be replaced with a mechanical or bioprosthetic valve. [11]
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