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A dry-powder inhaler (DPI) is a device that delivers medication to the lungs in the form of a dry powder. DPIs are commonly used to treat respiratory diseases such as asthma, bronchitis, emphysema and COPD although DPIs (such as inhalable insulin) have also been used in the treatment of diabetes mellitus. [1]
Inhalable insulin is a powdered form of insulin, delivered with an inhaler into the lungs where it is absorbed. [1] In general, inhaled insulins have been more rapidly absorbed than subcutaneous injected insulin, with faster peak concentration in serum and more rapid metabolism.
Insulin icodec is a medication used to enhance glycemic control in individuals with diabetes. [154] It is an ultralong-acting basal insulin analogue developed by Novo Nordisk. [ 154 ] IThe analog has a plasma half-life exceeding eight days, [ 155 ] which is significantly longer than the 25-hour half-life of insulin degludec, the previously ...
Toluene is widely used in the paint, dye, rubber, chemical, glue, printing, and pharmaceutical industries as a solvent. [38] Nail polish, paintbrush cleaners, and stain removers may contain toluene. Manufacturing of explosives (TNT) uses it as well. Toluene is also found in cigarette smoke and car exhaust.
Drugs used in diabetes treat types of diabetes mellitus by decreasing glucose levels in the blood. With the exception of insulin , most GLP-1 receptor agonists ( liraglutide , exenatide , and others), and pramlintide , all diabetes medications are administered orally and are thus called oral hypoglycemic agents or oral antihyperglycemic agents.
A wide range of volatile solvents intended for household or industrial use are inhaled as recreational drugs. This includes petroleum products (gasoline and kerosene), toluene (used in paint thinner, permanent markers, contact cement and model glue), and acetone (used in nail polish remover). These solvents vaporize at room temperature.
3 Anti-hypertensives. 4 Anti-inflammatories. 5 Antimicrobials. ... Levomethamphetamine (Vicks Vapor Inhaler) Propylhexedrine (Benzedrex) Miscellaneous. Aromatic ammonia;
Voglibose was discovered in 1981, and was first launched in Japan in 1994, [2] under the trade name BASEN, to improve postprandial hyperglycemia in diabetes mellitus. [3] Postprandial hyperglycemia (PPHG) is primarily due to first phase insulin secretion. Alpha glucosidase inhibitors delay glucose absorption at the intestine level and thereby ...