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Nested closed fullerenes have been named bucky onions. Cylindrical fullerenes are also called carbon nanotubes or buckytubes. [1] The bulk solid form of pure or mixed fullerenes is called fullerite. [2] Fullerenes had been predicted for some time, but only after their accidental synthesis in 1985 were they detected in nature [3] [4] and outer ...
Non-IPR fullerenes have thus far only been isolated as endohedral fullerenes such as Tb 3 N@C 84 with two fused pentagons at the apex of an egg-shaped cage. [4] or as fullerenes with exohedral stabilization such as C 50 Cl 10 [5] and reportedly C 60 H 8. [6] Fullerenes with fewer than 60 carbons do not obey isolated pentagon rule (IPR).
All phases of C 70 form brownish crystals with a bandgap of 1.77 eV; [2] they are n-type semiconductors where conductivity is attributed to oxygen diffusion into the solid from atmosphere. [13] The unit cell of fcc C 70 solid contains voids at 4 octahedral and 12 tetrahedral sites. [14] They are large enough to accommodate impurity atoms.
The iron compounds produced on the largest scale in industry are iron(II) sulfate (FeSO 4 ·7H 2 O) and iron(III) chloride (FeCl 3). The former is one of the most readily available sources of iron(II), but is less stable to aerial oxidation than Mohr's salt ((NH 4) 2 Fe(SO 4) 2 ·6H 2 O). Iron(II) compounds tend to be oxidized to iron(III ...
For gases, departure from 3 R per mole of atoms is generally due to two factors: (1) failure of the higher quantum-energy-spaced vibration modes in gas molecules to be excited at room temperature, and (2) loss of potential energy degree of freedom for small gas molecules, simply because most of their atoms are not bonded maximally in space to ...
In this method Merrifield resin is modified as a cyclopentadienyl resin and used as a solid phase against a mobile phase containing the complex mixture in a column chromatography operation. Only very stable fullerenes such as [Sc 3 N] +6 @[C 80] −6 pass through the column unreacted. In Ce 2 @C 80 the two metal atoms exhibit a non-bonded ...
They are called intrinsic polymeric fullerenes, or more often all C 60 polymers. Fullerene can be part of a polymer chain in many different ways. Fullerene-containing polymers are divided into following structural categories: Intrinsic polymeric fullerene (homopolymer), Main-chain polymers, Side-chain polymers, Star polymers, Crosslinked polymers,
Buckminsterfullerene is a black solid that dissolves in hydrocarbon solvents to produce a violet solution. The substance was discovered in 1985 and has received intense study, although few real world applications have been found. Molecules of buckminsterfullerene (or of fullerenes in general) are commonly nicknamed buckyballs. [3] [4]