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In cases associated with sudden discontinuation of MAO inhibitors (MAOIs), acute psychosis has been observed. [2] [11] [12] Over fifty symptoms have been reported. [13] The SNRI venlafaxine has been reported to have a higher incidence in withdrawal symptoms after discontinuation when compared to other SNRIs. [14]
Therefore, reducing MAO-B results in higher quantities of L-DOPA in the striatum. [3] Similarly to dopamine agonists, MAO-B inhibitors improve motor symptoms and delay the need of taking levodopa when used as monotherapy in the first stages of the disease, but produce more adverse effects and are less effective than levodopa.
A few endogenous MAEs have been identified, including the trace amines β-phenylethylamine (PEA), tyramine, and tryptamine. [1] [11] At a concentration of 16 μM (1.6 × 10-5 M), β-phenylethylamine has been shown to act as a MAE for norepinephrine (2.6-fold increase), dopamine (1.3-fold increase), and serotonin (2.3-fold increase) in the rat brainstem in vitro.
The older MAOIs' heyday was mostly between the years 1957 and 1970. [43] The initial popularity of the 'classic' non-selective irreversible MAO inhibitors began to wane due to their serious interactions with sympathomimetic drugs and tyramine-containing foods that could lead to dangerous hypertensive emergencies. As a result, the use by medical ...
Rasagiline acts as an inhibitor of the enzyme monoamine oxidase (MAO) and hence is a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI). [2] More specifically, it is a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B). [2] The drug is thought to work by increasing levels of the monoamine neurotransmitter dopamine in the brain. [2]
Selegiline acts as a monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI) and thereby increases levels of monoamine neurotransmitters in the brain. [17] [11] [28] [5] At typical clinical doses used for Parkinson's disease, selegiline is a selective and irreversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B), increasing brain levels of dopamine.
More severe symptoms include fever, seizures, irregular heartbeat, delirium, and coma. [75] [76] [11] If signs or symptoms arise, discontinue treatment with serotonergic agents immediately. [75] It is recommended to washout 4 to 5 half-lives of the serotonergic agent before using an MAO inhibitor. [77]
Moclobemide is a benzamide, [13] derivative of morpholine, [98] which acts pharmacologically as a selective, reversible inhibitor of monoamine oxidase-A (RIMA), [10] a type of monoamine oxidase inhibitor (MAOI), and increases levels of norepinephrine (noradrenaline), dopamine, and especially serotonin [9] [99] in neuronal cells as well as in ...